不同锻炼水平对大学生骨密度和体成分的影响及其相关性分析

目的探讨不同锻炼水平对大学生骨密度和体成分的影响,同时分析骨密度和体成分之间的相关性。方法选取中国矿业大学在校本科大学生120名,根据参与运动情况分为缺乏运动组、普通运动组和大运动量组,每组40名,男女各20名,采用超声法和生物电阻法分别检测其跟骨密度和体成分各项指标,测试所得数据采用Spss16.0软件进行统计分析。结果普通运动组大学生的骨密度明显高于缺乏运动组和大运动量组大学生的骨密度(P0.05),与缺乏运动组相比,普通运动组和大运动量组的体脂百分比均显著降低(P0.05),而去脂体重和肌肉量却明显升高(P0.05),与缺乏运动组和大运动量组相比,普通运动组矿物质含量明显升高(P0.05),各组去脂体重/体重、肌肉量/体重、矿物质含量与骨密度呈高度正相关(P0.01)。结论适量运动使大学生骨密度增加,大强度长时间的大量运动使骨密度下降,不利于骨骼的生长,运动锻炼可以有效改善大学生身体成分,降低脂肪含量,增加去脂体重,预防肥胖。

The effect and correlation analysis of different exercise level on bone mineral density and body composition in college students

Objective To explore the effect of different exercise level on bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in college students, and to analyze the correlation between BMD and body composition. Methods A total of 120 college students of China University of Mining and Technology were divided into 3 groups according to the exercise level, the lack of exercise group, the common exercise group, and the heavy exercise group, with 20 male students and 20 female students in each group. BMD and body composition were respectively tested using ultrasonic method and the biological resistance method. The data were analyzed with a SPSS16.0 software. Results The BMD in the common exercise group was obviously higher than that in the other two groups (P<0.05). Comparing to that in the lack of exercise group, PBF in the common exercise and the heavy exercise group decreased significantly (P<0.05), but LBM and SLBM increased significantly. The M in the common exercise increased significantly (P<0.05). LBM/W, SLBM/W, and M of each group was highly and positively associated with BMD (P<0.05). Conclusion Moderate exercise increases BMD of the students, while heavy exercise decreases BMD and does not benefit to the growth of bone. Exercise improves body composition, reduces fat content, increases lean body mass, and prevents obesity in college students.