机械刺激对成骨细胞影响的研究进展

骨质疏松的发病多由于破骨细胞的骨吸收大于成骨细胞的骨形成而造成的一种骨代谢性疾病。骨形成的过程包括骨吸收和骨形成,其中骨形成主要依靠成骨细胞,成骨细胞来源于骨髓的间充质干细胞,由骨髓间充质干细胞定向分化为骨祖细胞,后分化为成骨细胞前体,最后分化为成骨细胞。成骨细胞在骨形成中经历成骨细胞的增殖、细胞外基质成熟、细胞外基质矿化和成骨细胞凋亡四个阶段。不同的运动方式会对骨骼产生不同的力学刺激,力学刺激会使骨骼产生不同程度的机械应变。大量的研究表明,成骨细胞可感受这种刺激作用,并引起一系列不同变化。本文主要阐述不同形式的机械刺激(微重力、流体剪切力、压应力、牵拉力)对成骨细胞的形态、数量和分化趋势,蛋白以及基因表达水平等方面的影响,为运动疗法对骨质疏松的治疗、预防和促进骨骼发育提供更加可靠的理论依据。

Research advance in the effect of mechanical stimulation on osteoblasts

Osteoporosis is a bone metabolic disease caused by the bone resorption by osteoclasts over bone formation by osteoblasts. The process of bone formation including bone resorption and bone formation. The bone formation mainly relies on osteoblasts. Osteoblasts are derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into bone progenitor cells, osteoblast precursors, and finally osteoblasts. Osteoblasts experience four stages in bone formation: osteoblast proliferation, extracellular matrix maturation, extracellular matrix mineralization, and osteoblast apoptosis. Different ways of exercise produce different mechanical stimulation to the bone. Mechanical stimulation makes the skeleton to produce different degrees of mechanical strains. Numerous studies have shown that osteoblasts can sense this stimulus and cause a series of different changes. This paper reviews the effect of different forms of mechanical stimulation (microgravity, fluid shear stress, compressive stress, and tensile) on osteoblast morphology, the trend of differentiation, and protein and gene expression level, in order to provide more reliable theory for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis through kinesiotherapy.