基于层次分析法对新疆克州COPD患者危险因素的评估分析

目的：评估新疆克州慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者的危险因素。方法：通过问卷调查的方式，收集新疆克州县级以上医院318名COPD就诊患者的一般资料、生活因素、居住因素、病因、发病诱因、临床症状等信息。运用层次分析的方法建立数学模型。结果：轻度、中度、重度患者在生活因素、居住因素、个人因素、病史等方面都存在着明显的统计学意义(P<0.01)。危险因素一级指标权重系数对比可见，个人因素（0.470）和病史因素（0.280）的权重系数最高，其次生活因素（0.136）和居住因素（0.114）。二级指标之中，个人因素方面，抽烟程度（0.231）﹥职业粉尘接触度（0.475）﹥肥胖程度（0.225）﹥经济状况（0.069）；生活因素方面，燃料清洁度（0.349）﹥厨房通风设施﹥（0.294）﹥取暖清洁度（0.266）﹥饮食烹饪清洁度﹥（0.091）；居住因素方面，住房空气质量（0.348）=住房周边环境（0.348）﹥住房通风度（0.207）﹥住房采光度（0.097）；病史因素方面，合并疾病程度（0.459）﹥既往史患病程度（0.325）﹥季节性发病程度﹥（0.149）﹥家族史患病程度（0.067）。结论：减少抽烟和职业粉尘接触，改善生活环境，提高生活质量，将有助于缓解COPD的发病。

Evaluation and Analysis of the Risk Factors of COPD Patients in Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang province: Based on AHP

To evaluate the risk factors that effect patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang province, applying Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Methods: The information of 318 patients with COPD from the hospitals of Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang province were collected by questionnaire survey, including the normal information, daily life factor, living environment factor, causes of disease, triggers and clinical symptoms. The math model was established by applying AHP method. Results: There were significant differences in factors of daily life pattern, living environment, personal differences, and disease history among the mild, moderate, severe patients (P<0.01). From the comparison of the first grade assessment indicator of the risk factor weight coefficient, the highest weight coefficient were personal factor (0.470) and factor of disease history (0.280), and factor of daily life (0.136) and factor of living environment (0.114) followed. In the second grade assessment indicator of the risk factors showed as follows: personal factors: the degree of smoking (0.231) > occupational dust exposure (0.475) > the degree of fatness (0.225) > economic situation (0.069); factors referring to daily life: the fuel cleanliness (0.349) > the kitchen ventilation (0.294) > the cleanliness of heating (0.266) > the cleanliness of food cooking (0.091); factors related to living environment: the living air quality (0.348) = the living surroundings (0.348) > the living ventilation rate (0.207) > degree of house lighting (0.097); factors referring to family history disease: the consolidation degree of disease (0.459) > the past medical history (0.325) > the degree of seasonal onset (0.149) > the degree of family history disease (0.067). Conclusion: It can decrease the onset of COPD by reducing smoking and occupational dust exposure and increasing the life environment as well as life quality.