新疆哈密91HWM152古尸B和C的系列研究

我们对３０００年前哈密９１ＨＷＭ１５２Ｂ和Ｃ古尸进行了形态学、细菌学、血型检查和无机元素的分析研究。证实９１ＨＷＭ１５２Ｂ和Ｃ是同一具古尸，是２０～３０岁之间的年轻女性。骨、软骨、肌腔、韧带、腔膜和指（趾）甲等保存得最好。皮肤、头发、肌肉、血管、周围神经等次之，内脏最差。皮下脂肪均已消失，表皮无脂溢现象。光镜下表皮细胞的轮廓清楚，真皮胶原纤维明显；周围神经的轴索、髓鞘和神经膜可见；骨骼肌纤维轮廓和肌原纤维明显；大血管、膀腕、子宫仍可分出３层；脑皮质消失，髓质尚可辨认；骨和软骨的微细构造接近正常。透射电镜下胶原纤维仍有６４ｎｍ的周期性结构。扫描电镜下头发的表面不光滑，毛小皮有不同程度的脱落。头发中Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｆｅ元素含量比现代人高３倍～１３倍。头发血型为Ａ型。硬脑膜、骨骼肌和周围沙土中未查出需氧和厌氧病原菌。

A Series of Studies on the Hami Mummies of Xinjiang-91 HWM 152 B and C

Hami mummies of Xinjiang,91 HWM 152 h and C,died before 3 000 years,were studiedwith morphological and bacteriological methods,blood type examination and element estima-tiOn.We recognized that 91 HWM 152 B and C were two parts of a young woman mummy,Her bone,cartilage,tendon,tendinous membrane,ligamentum and nail were preserved best;skin,hair,muscle,blood vessel,white matter of brain and peripheral nerve better:some finestructure of them also can be seen under the microscope. But the cortex of brain and visceralorgans worst.The subcutaneous adipose tissue disappeared.Under the electron microscope.the collagenous fiber can be divided by cross striations with 64 nm period.The stirface of hairbecame coarse,because many cuticles fell down, The element content of Ca,Mg,Fe in themummy hair were clearly more than that of modern Han,Uygtir and Kazak nationalities up to3 to 13 times.The blood type of the hair was identified to be A type. No disease germ andbacteria were detected in the meninges and skeleton muscles of the mummy and sand of thecave.