成年人心理幸福感的年龄差异研究

目的：了解成年人心理幸福感的年龄差异和有关因素。方法：采用Ruff的心理幸福感量表对777名20－94岁的人进行测查。结果：1，量表的信度合格，与抑郁症患者反映的差异显著。2．6个分量表除自主性无明显年龄差异外，个人成长较年青组均高于较年长组。与他人积极关系及生活目的较年青三组均高于老老年组；环境掌握中年组与老年组高于老老年组；自我接受老年组显著高于青年组。3，自主性，个人成长，生活目的和自我接受分均男性显著高于女性，与他人的积极关系分女性稍高于男性。4，影响心理幸福感的因素，青年组以工作学习，教育程度，疾病和心境，中年组以工作学习量，婚姻状态以及人际交往，老年组以心境，健康情况，老老年组则以心境，人际交往，疾病情况，教育程度，家庭关系等因素为主 ；5，与美国比较，个人成长结果基本一致；中国人生活目的，自我接受评价较低，可能受我国传统的中庸之道影响。结论：心理幸福感受年龄影响，量表从积极心理功能角度考虑是合理的，但对除婚姻外的家庭关系涉及过少。

Age Differences of Psychological Well-being of Chinese Adults

Objective: To investigate age differences of psychological well-being with Ruff's scale Method:777 adults aged 20-94 years old(were divided into four age groups (young 20-39, middle aged 40-59, elderly 60-74,old elderly 75 or above),all of them)completed Ruff's Scale Result:The reliability of the scale was satisfying The results of normal subjects had significant difference to that of those depressed Among the six subscales, autonomy had no age difference The two younger groups had higher scores in personal growth than the two older groups The three relatively younger groups had higher scores in Purpose in Life and Positive Relations to Others than the old elderly group had Middle age group and elderly group had higher scores in environment control than old elderly group Elderly group had higher scores in self-acceptance than young group Male subjects had higher scores than female in autonomy, personal growth, purpose in life and self-acceptance Female had higher scores than male in positive relation to others Factors having influence on psychological well-being in young group included work, education,disease and mood; that in middle age group included stress in work, marriage and interpersonal relationship;that in elderly group included mood, health status; in old elderly, that included mood, interpersonal relationship, disease education and family relations Compared with results of Americans, the two countries had similar results in personal growth Chinese had lower score in purpose in life and self-acceptance Conclusion:Psychological wellbeing is influenced by age Ruff's scale includes some positive attitude to life, but lack of assessment of family relations qxcept marriage