国产水痘减毒活疫苗接种的血清学免疫效果及成本效益分析

[目的 ]　观察不同代次、不同剂量的国产水痘减毒活疫苗的安全性和免疫效果 ,分析不同年龄组儿童水痘疫苗接种的经济效益。　 [方法 ]　随机分组 ,接种不同代次、不同剂量的国产水痘疫苗 ,对每组儿童进行人体反应性及免疫原性观察 ,用酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)测定水痘抗体 ,采用成本效益分析方法计算各年龄组效益费用比 (BCR)。　 [结果 ]　各组水痘疫苗免后副反应率及抗体水平差异均无显著性。免后 1～ 3月 ,抗体阳转率达到 96 %以上 ,几何平均滴度(GMT)达到 76 0以上。以后抗体逐渐下降 ,接种后 2年抗体阳转率为 81.40 %,GMT为 36 7.2 0。水痘疫苗接种后成本效益比值 ,2岁以下年龄组BCR值小于 1,3～ 7岁年龄组BCR值均大于 1,其中 6～ 7岁组经济效益最高。　 [结论 ]　不同代次、不同剂量的国产水痘疫苗副反应率较低 ,免疫效果好。 3～ 7岁组儿童接种水痘疫苗能获得正效益 ,应作为水痘疫苗免疫接种的首选对象。

Immunogenicity and cost - effectiveness analysis of domestic varicella vaccine

[Objective] To know the adverse reactions and immunogenicity in different periods and doses of domestic varicella vaccine and analyse its economical effect among different eged children immunized with varicella vaccine . [Methods] Random sampling method was used to observe adverse reactions and immunogenicity of different varicella vaccine and ELISA was used to measure varicella virus antibody.Cost-benefit analysis was used to calculate the ratio of benefit to cost(BCR). [Results] There was no significant difference in adverse reactions and in immunogenicity between different varicella vaccine.Antibody positive rate and GMT were above 96% and reach 760 1 to 3 months after injection of vaccine. Antibody positive rate and GMT were still above 80% and 360 two years after immunization.BCRs were less than 1 in the population with age below two years,but exceed 1 in age from 3 to 7.Among them,BCR was the highest in age from 6 to 7. [Conclusion] There were few adverse reactions and high antibody levels between different varicella vaccine. The economic effect is positive in the immunization of varicella vaccine in age from 3 to 7.Children aged from 3 to 7 are at the first choice for vaccination.