血小板：肿瘤诊断与治疗的新兴靶点

血小板是肿瘤发生发展过程中的重要参与者,能够通过构建炎性微环境、促进血管生成和介导肿瘤免疫逃逸,直接或间接地影响肿瘤生长和转移进程。随着肿瘤微环境的动态变化,血小板的数量、体积和分子组学也发生相应改变,提示血小板相关的生物标志物具有反映肿瘤负荷演变的巨大潜力。基于血小板对肿瘤发生发展的促进效应,血小板被视为肿瘤生物治疗的重要靶点。靶向抑制血小板功能可以显著控制肿瘤的发生发展并改善患者的预后。此外,血小板对肿瘤组织具有较强的亲和能力。应用靶向血小板或血小板功能模拟的思路研发抗肿瘤靶向制剂以有效地增加纳米药物的肿瘤靶向性和生物相容性,是提高肿瘤靶向治疗效率的新兴策略。本文聚焦于血小板与肿瘤之间的复杂相互作用,在总结作用机制的基础上,对血小板相关的肿瘤标志物和抗肿瘤靶向治疗进行了重点阐述。

Platelets: an emerging target for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer

Platelets are considered as important participants in the process of tumorigenesis and tumor development, which can directly or indirectly affect the growth and metastasis of tumors by constructing an inflammatory microenvironment, promoting angiogenesis and mediating tumor immune escape. As the tumor microenvironment dynamically changes, the number, volume, and molomics of platelets change accordingly, suggesting that platelet-related biomarkers have great potential to reflect tumor load evolution. Based on the promoting effect of platelets on the process of tumorigenesis and tumor development, platelets are considered as important targets for tumor biotherapy. Targeted inhibition of platelet function can significantly control tumor progression and improve patient outcomes. In addition, platelets have a strong affinity for tumor tissues. Constructing targeted anti-tumor agents with the idea of platelet-targeting or platelet-mimicking can effectively increase the affinity towards tumor tissues and the biocompatibility of nanodrugs, which is an emerging strategy to improve the efficiency of targeted therapy. This paper focuses on the complex interactions between platelets and tumors, summarizing the mechanisms of action and highlighting platelet-related tumor markers and anti-tumor targeted therapies.