Bullous aplasia cutis congenita: case report and review of the literature

Aplasia cutis congenita is a rare condition characterized by the absence of skin and sometimes other underlying structures such as bone or dura. It can be a part of various syndromes and can be associated with multiple genetic diseases, malformation patterns, or a combination of all. It is even considered as a form frustre of a neural tube defect in several literatures. Bullous aplasia cutis congenita is a clinical subtype of the condition, with extremely few cases reported in the literature. It presents as a cystic or bullous lesion at birth, which eventually transforms into an atrophic, flat scar covered by a thin epithelium. Some cases present with a dark collar hair sign around the lesion, which can be even more indicative of an underlying neural tube defect. Management remains controversial and depends on the characteristics of the lesion, but conservative treatment is usually chosen.