江西省城乡中老年糖尿病居民营养状况及危险因素分析

目的 分析江西省城乡中老年糖尿病(DM)患病情况及危险因素,为制定居民营养计划和预防控制慢性病防治提供依据。方法 采用多阶段随机抽样,应用中国营养与健康状况调查表对江西省城乡中老年居民进行糖尿病与健康状况的评估。根据空腹血糖监测及口服糖耐量试验诊断DM,分析性别、年龄、食物消费量、营养素摄入情况、运动、吸烟、糖尿病家族史与DM的关系。结果 江西省城乡中老年糖尿病的患病率为11.14%,居民城市的患病率为13.45%,乡镇的患病率为8.83%,城市患病率高于乡镇(χ²=4.26,P<0.05);食盐(OR=3.05)、肉摄入(OR=2.91)、脂肪(OR=4.89)、家族史(OR=5.89)、吸烟(OR=2.14)、饮酒(OR=3.67)是糖尿病的独立危险因素(P<0.05);维生素E(OR=0.23)、维生素B族(OR=0.46)、钙(OR=0.14)、运动(OR=0.41)是DM的保护性因素;江西省城乡中老年糖尿病居民膳食来源构成中脂肪性食物来源所占比例较高。结论 江西省城乡中老年糖尿病的患病率较高,膳食结构不合理、能量和脂肪摄入过量、年龄等是DM的患病因素。因此应建立营养状况评估及干预体系,为制定改善策略,防治DM措施提供科学的依据。

Nutrition status and its risk factors among middle-aged and elderly residents with diabetes mellitus in urban and rural areas of Jiangxi Province

Objective To investigate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its risk factors among middle-aged andaged residents in urban and rural areas of Jiangxi Province so as to provide evidence for developing the nutrition plan for the residents and preventing and controlling chronic diseases.　 Methods Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used in this survey. China Nutrition and Health Status Questionnaire was employed to evaluate DM and health status among middle-aged and elderly residents in urban and rural areas of Jiangxi Province. DM was diagnosed based on fasting plasma glucose monitoring and oral glucose tolerance test. The relationship between DM and gender, age, food consumption, nutrient intake, physical exercise, smoking, family history of DM was analyzed.Results The prevalence rate of DM in middle-aged and elderly residents in urban and rural areas of Jiangxi Province was 11.14%. The prevalence rate of DM was higher in urban residents than in rural ones (13.45% vs. 8.83%, χ²=4.26, P<0.05). Salt (OR=3.05), intake of meat (OR=2.91), fat (OR=4.89), family history (OR=5.89), smoking (OR=2.14) and drinking (OR=3.67) were the independent risk factors for DM (P<0.05), while vitamin E (OR=0.23), vitamin B-complex family (OR=0.46), calcium (OR=0.14) and physical exercise (OR=0.41) were the protective factors for DM. The fatty food source made up a high proportion of dietary source constitution inmiddle-aged and elderly residents with DM in urban and rural areas of Jiangxi Province. Conclusions The prevalence rate of DM in middle-aged and elderly residents in urban and rural areas of Jiangxi Province is high. Unreasonable dietary pattern, excessive intake of energy and fat and age are the factors affecting the occurrence of DM; and hence, it is necessary to establish the nutrition assessment and intervention system so as to provide a scientific basis for developing the improvement strategies and DM prevention and cure measures.