广州市某区小学生交通伤害家庭影响因素分析

目的 了解广州市某区小学生交通伤害相关家庭影响因素,为儿童交通伤害预防干预提供理论依据。 方法 采用两阶段分层随机整群抽样方法抽取广州市某区4所小学1 029名学生及学生家长,回顾性调查学生2015年9月-2016年8月一年内交通伤害发生情况,并对学生家长进行一般家庭情况调查及伤害知信行模式调查。 结果 该区小学生交通伤害发生率为2.14%,男生(3.01%)高于女生(1.21%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=3.980,P=0.046)。家长的文化程度不同、家长交通伤害相关知识得分是否合格、家长对骑自行车使用头盔对降低交通意外伤害对人体造成的影响认识态度不同、家长对孩子使用自行车头盔的意愿不同,孩子交通伤害发生率差异有统计学意义;单因素logistic回归分析结果显示,家长文化程度为小学及以下,孩子的交通伤害发生率为13.5%,以此作为参照组,家长文化程度为初中、高中/中专,孩子交通伤害发生率为1.43%(OR=0.093,95%CI:0.029~0.300),家长文化程度为大专、本科及以上,孩子的交通伤害发生率为2.08%(OR=0.136,95%CI:0.043~0.429);多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,在对学生性别、家长文化程度进行校正后,家长认为骑自行车使用头盔对降低交通意外伤害对人体造成的影响起重要或部分作用(OR=0.145,95%CI:0.037~0.573)是学生交通伤害发生的保护因素。周围认识的人有使用某种防护用品会促使家长更有意愿使用或尝试使用该种防护用品。 结论 广州市某区小学生交通伤害发生情况不容忽视,受家庭因素影响,应采取针对性干预措施减少伤害的发生。

Family factors influencing traffic injuries among pupils in a district of Guangzhou City

Objective To investigate the family influencing factors of traffic injuries among primary school students in a district of Guangzhou City, and to provide a theoretical basis for traffic injury prevention and intervention among children. Methods Two-stage stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 1,029 pupils and their parents from 4 primary schools in a district of Guangzhou City. The incidence of traffic injuries of the pupils from September 2015 to August 2016 was retrospectively investigated, and the general information of the pupils’ families and the injury-related knowledge, attitude and practice pattern of their parents were also surveyed. Results The incidence rate of traffic injuries among the pupils in this district was 2.14%, and the incidence rate was higher in boys than in girls (3.01% vs. 1.21%), showing a statistically significant difference (χ²=3.980, P=0.046). There were statistically significant differences in the incidence rate of traffic injuries among pupils with parents having different educational backgrounds, between pupils with parents having qualified or unqualified score of traffic-injury-related knowledge, between pupils with parents having or not having correct attitude towards wearing a bicycle safety helmet to reduce negative effects on human body induced by traffic injuries and between pupils with parents having or not having a will to let their children wear a bicycle safety helmet. Univariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the incidences rate of traffic injuries in pupils with parents having educational backgrounds of primary school and below, junior or senior middle school/polytechnic school, and junior college, undergraduate and above were 13.5%, 1.43%(OR=0.093,95%CI=0.029-0.300)and 2.08%(OR=0.136,95%CI=0.043-0.429)respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that after the pupils’ gender and their parents’ educational backgrounds were adjusted, the parents’ awareness concerning wearing a bicycle safety helmet played an important or partial role in reducing the harm to human body when traffic accidents happened (OR=0.145, 95%CI=0.037-0.573) was a protective factor for traffic injuries among the pupils. Conclusions The status of incidence of traffic injuries among the primary school students in this district can not be ignored. Family factors affect the incidence of traffic injuries obviously; and hence, targetedintervention measures should be adopted to decline the occurrence of traffic injuries.