脂肪因子、氨基酸和神经肽调控下丘脑kisspeptin分泌的研究进展

青春期的启动以及生殖功能的维持主要受下丘脑-垂体-性腺(hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal,HPG)轴的调控。下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH)神经元脉冲式分泌GnRH是青春期启动的标志。Kiss1基因编码的kisspeptin是GnRH神经元重要的上游调控元件,是生殖轴成熟的重要调节因子。下丘脑中影响和调控kisspeptin的因子目前尚未完全清楚。本文将对脂肪因子(脂联素、瘦素)、氨基酸(谷氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸)和神经肽(神经激肽B、强啡肽)如何调控kisspeptin进而影响青春期启动以及生殖功能进行综述。

Adipokines,amino acids and neuropeptides regulate secretion of kissesptin in hypothalamus: recent progress

The initiation of puberty and the maintenance of reproductive function are dictated by the concerted activation ofhypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. The sign of puberty onset is an increase in pulsatile gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) releasing from GnRH neurons. kisspeptin, encoded by the Kiss1 gene, has emerged as essential upstream regulatory elements of GnRH neurons, and is also a potent elicitor of reproductive axis maturation. The factors that influence and regulate kisspeptin in the hypothalamus remain unclear. The aim of this review is to summarize how adipokines (including adiponectin and leptin), amino acids (including glutamate and gamma-amino butyric acid) and neuropeptides (including neurokinin B and dynorphin) regulate kisspeptin, and thereby effect puberty onset and reproductive function.