汽车制造业铸造作业工人职业健康状况分析

目的了解汽车制造业铸造粉尘对作业工人健康的影响。方法选择汽车制造业230名铸造工人为接尘组和200名非接触尘毒职工为对照组,通过职业健康体检,比较两组的健康状况。同时测定生产环境中粉尘浓度及二氧化硅含量。结果生产环境粉尘中游离SiO2含量为12.2%￣85.3%,粉尘浓度0.5￣1.75mg/m3,合格率为80%;接尘组工人自觉症状中咳嗽、咯痰、气短阳性率及体检项目中慢性咽炎、慢性鼻炎检出率均明显高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);接尘组肺功能指标(FEF25%￣75%、FEF75%)均低于对照组(P<0.05);小气道功能异常率接尘组为8.3%,对照组为2.5%,两组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论汽车制造业铸造粉尘可影响作业工人的健康,尤其对呼吸系统损害更明显,应加强防护措施。

Investigation on Health Status of Founders in A Automobile Industry

Objective To observe the adverse effect of foundry dust in automobile industry on worker 's health status. Methods 230 founders in a automobile industry were studied as the exposed group and 200 workers without any records of exposure to occupational hazards as the control group. The dust concentrations and SiO2 content at workplaces of exposed workers were determined and their health status were compared with the control persons. Results The dust concentrations varied from 0.5 to 1.75 mg/m3 and compliance rate of dust concentrations was 80%. The SiO2 content varied from 12.2% to 85.3%. The prevalence of symptoms such as cough, phlegm and shortness of breath, and the rates of positive signs such as chronic pharyngitis and chronic rhinitis in the exposed group were significantly higher than that in the control group. The pulmonary functional indexes (FEF25% ~ 75%, FEF75%) of workers in the exposed group were obviously lower than those in the control group. The abnormal prevalence of small respiratory tract function in the exposed group (8.3%) were also significantly higher than that in the control group (2.5%). Conclusion The health status of founders, especially the respiratory system, has been significantly affected due to long-term exposure to foundry dust in the automobile industry. The intervention measures should be taken.