皮毛加工作业环境对工人呼吸系统影响的调查

目的　探索皮毛加工作业环境对工人呼吸系统的影响。方法　对皮毛加工厂作业生产环境进行了真菌学调查 ,并对 138名皮毛加工工人及 40名不接触尘毒的对照工人进行了呼吸系统症状的询问调查、胸部X线检查及抗芽枝霉和抗交链孢霉抗体的测定。结果　皮毛加工各工序真菌数量 (6 2 9～ 36 81cfu/m3 )较对照组 (6 3～ 5 0 3cfu/m3 )明显增高 ,其优势菌种为芽枝霉及交链孢霉 ;皮毛加工工人咳嗽、咯痰、胸闷、气短及发热阳性率明显高于对照组 ,其中女工呼吸系统症状较重 ,阳性率分别为 37.9%、2 8.4%、10 .5 %、2 2 .1%、4.2 %。发现X线胸片异常者 7例。皮毛加工工人血清中抗芽枝霉和抗交链孢霉抗体A4 50nm　　值分别达 0 .6 31± 0 .2 2 0和 0 .72 4± 0 .2 33,均明显高于对照组(0 .417± 0 .116、0 .493± 0 .141) ,抗芽枝霉和抗交链孢霉特异性抗体的阳性率为 44 .2 %、42 .8%,与对照组 (2 .5 %、2 .5 %)相比 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　芽枝霉和交链孢霉可能是皮毛加工环境引起过敏性呼吸系统疾病的致病因子。

Study on occupational respiratory diseases in fur-processing workers

OBJECTIVE: To study the respiratory system injury in fur processing environment. METHODS: Environmental fungal survey was conducted in the fur processing procedures. Investigation of respiratory symptoms and chest X-ray examination were also carried out in 138 fur processing workers and 40 control workers. At the same time, the serum antibodies to fungi were analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS: Fungal number(629-3,681 cfu/m3) in fur processing procedures was much higher than those in the control environment. Cladosporium and Alternaria were the leading strains of fungi in fur processing procedures. The rates of respiratory symptoms(cough, sputum, chest tightness, dyspnea, and fever) in fur processing workers were higher than those in the control workers. The rates of the symptoms in female workers were 37.9%, 28.4%, 10.5%, 22.1%, 4.2%, respectively. Abnormalities of chest X ray were found in 7 workers. The serum antibodies to Cladosporium and Alternaria(A450 nm 0.631, 0.724, respectively) in fur workers were significantly higher than those in the control workers(P < 0.05). The positive rates of the antibodies to Cladosporium and Alternaria(44.2%, 42.8%) were significantly higher than those in the control workers(P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Cladosporium and Alternaria may be the pathogens of occupational respiratory diseases in fur processing workers.