Dysbiosis in gastrointestinal disorders |
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| Institution: | 1. Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China;2. Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China;3. Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, China;4. Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China;5. Huangshi No.5 Hospital, Huangshi 435005, China;1. Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent''s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, South Korea;2. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary''s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea;1. Department of Paediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children''s Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany;2. Department of Paediatrics, Comenius University Medical School, Bratislava, Slovakia;3. ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Technical University of Munich, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Freising, Germany;4. Developmental Medicine and Social Paediatrics, Dr. von Haunersches Children''s Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany;5. Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany;6. Department of Paediatrics, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany;7. Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland;1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado;6. BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado;2. Faculty of Arts and Sciences Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts;3. Departments of Pharmacology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California;4. Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania;5. Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania;7. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boulder, Colorado |
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| Abstract: | The recent development of advanced sequencing techniques has revealed the complexity and diverse functions of the gut microbiota. Furthermore, alterations in the composition or balance of the intestinal microbiota, or dysbiosis, are associated with many gastrointestinal diseases. The looming question is whether dysbiosis is a cause or effect of these diseases. In this review, we will evaluate the contribution of intestinal microbiota in obesity, fatty liver, inflammatory bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome. Promising results from microbiota or metabolite transfer experiments in animals suggest the microbiota may be sufficient to reproduce disease features in the appropriate host in certain disorders. Less compelling causal associations may reflect complex, multi-factorial disease pathogenesis, in which dysbiosis is a necessary condition. Understanding the contributions of the microbiota in GI diseases should offer novel insight into disease pathophysiology and deliver new treatment strategies such as therapeutic manipulation of the microbiota. |
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| Keywords: | Dysbiosis Microbiota Microbiome Metagenomics Metabolomics Obesity Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Inflammatory bowel disease Irritable bowel syndrome |
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