A new shoulder model with a biologically inspired glenohumeral joint |
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| Institution: | 1. IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal;2. Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal;1. CMUC, Department of Mathematics, University of Coimbra, 3001-501 Coimbra, Portugal;2. OnCaring, Parque Industrial de Taveiro, Lote 49, 3045-504 Coimbra, Portugal;1. Université de Montréal, Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory of Simulation & Movement Modeling, 1700 rue Jacques Tétreault, Laval QC H7N OB6, Canada;2. Centre de Réadaptation Marie Enfant—Sainte-Justine UHC, Laboratory of Simulation & Movement Modeling, 1700 rue Jacques Tétreault, Laval QC H7N OB6, Canada;3. École Polytechnique de Montréal and Centre de Réadaptation Marie Enfant—Sainte-Justine UHC, Research & Engineering Chair Applied in Pediatrics (RECAP), 5200 rue Bélanger, office GR-123, Montreal QC H1T 1C9, Canada;1. Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, Campus de Laval CP 6128, Succursale Centre-ville Montréal, QC, Canada, H3C 3J7;2. Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Box 5626, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden;3. Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden;4. ScapuloHumeral Investigation Team, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden;1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, University of Berne, Insel Hospital, Switzerland;2. School of Engineering, Institute of Mechanical Systems, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland;3. Division of Trauma Surgery, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | Kinematically unconstrained biomechanical models of the glenohumeral (GH) joint are needed to study the GH joint function, especially the mechanisms of joint stability. The purpose of this study is to develop a large-scale multibody model of the upper limb that simulates the 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) of the GH joint and to propose a novel inverse dynamics procedure that allows the evaluation of not only the muscle and joint reaction forces of the upper limb but also the GH joint translations. The biomechanical model developed is composed of 7 rigid bodies, constrained by 6 anatomical joints, and acted upon by 21 muscles. The GH joint is described as a spherical joint with clearance. Assuming that the GH joint translates according to the muscle load distribution, the redundant muscle load sharing problem is formulated considering as design variables the 3 translational coordinates associated with the GH joint translations, the joint reaction forces associated with the remaining kinematic constraints, and the muscle activations. For the abduction motion in the frontal plane analysed, the muscle and joint reaction forces estimated by the new biomechanical model proposed are similar to those estimated by a model in which the GH joint is modeled as an ideal spherical joint. Even though this result supports the assumption of an ideal GH joint to study the muscle load sharing problem, only a 6 DOF model of the GH joint, as the one proposed here, provides information regarding the joint translations. In this study, the biomechanical model developed predicts an initial upward and posterior migration of the humeral head, followed by an inferior and anterior movement, which is in good agreement with the literature. |
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