Identification of ankle plantar-flexors dynamics in response to electrical stimulation |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, 10-368 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada;2. Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Lyndhurst Centre, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute – University Health Network, 520 Sutherland Drive, Toronto, Ontario, M4G 3V9, Canada;3. Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada;1. Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto M5S 3G9E, Ontario, Canada;2. Neural Engineering and Therapeutics Team, Lyndhurst Centre, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute,University Health Network, 520 Sutherland Drive, Toronto,M4G 3V9, Ontario, Canada;3. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King''s College Circle, TorontoM5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada;4. Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, TorontoM5G 1V7, Ontario, Canada;5. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, TorontoM5B 2K3, Ontario, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Modeling the muscle response to functional electrical stimulation (FES) is an essential step in the design of closed-loop controlled neuroprostheses. This study was aimed at identifying the dynamic response of ankle plantar-flexors to FES during quiet standing. Thirteen healthy subjects stood in a standing frame that locked the knee and hip joints. The ankle plantar-flexors were stimulated bilaterally through surface electrodes and the generated ankle torque was measured. The pulse amplitude was sinusoidally modulated at five different frequencies. The pulse amplitude and the measured ankle torque fitted by a sine function were considered as input and output, respectively. First-order and critically-damped second-order linear models were fitted to the experimental data. Both models fitted similarly well to the experimental data. The coefficient of variation of the time constant among subjects was smaller in the case of the second-order model compared to the first-order model (18.1% vs. 79.9%, p < 0.001). We concluded that the critically-damped second-order model more consistently described the relationship between isometric ankle torque and surface FES pulse amplitude, which was applied to the ankle plantar-flexors during quiet standing. |
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