肝移植术后血管与胆管并发症介入治疗初探

目的：评价血管造影和胆管造影诊治肝移植术后血管及胆管并发症的价值。方法：46例原位肝移植术后B超提示血流速度不畅或频谱异常，下肢水肿或黄疸的患者16例，进行腹腔动脉造影10例次，下腔静脉造影并球囊扩张或支架置入6例次，经皮肝穿刺门静脉造影并支架置入2例次，经皮肝穿刺胆管造影并引流4例次。结果：肝动脉血栓形成2例，1例经溶栓治疗后部分开通；肝动脉狭窄4例，1例球囊扩张后狭窄减轻；所有下腔静脉和门静脉阻塞或狭窄行球囊扩张及置放支撑架后临床症状好转，4例胆管狭窄和吻合口瘘者行经皮肝穿刺胆管造影引流（PTCD）治疗后黄疸减轻。结论；对肝移植术后出现的血管和胆管并发症，血管造影和胆管造影不仅可明确诊断，而且能同时工取得较好的近期疗效。

Interventional treatment on vascular and biliary complications after liver transplantation

Objective To evaluate the value of angiography and cholangiography on the diagnosis and interventional treatment on vascular and biliary complications after liver transplantation. Methods Sixteen of 46 patients (15 males, 1 female, 17-60 years old ) after orthotopic liver transplantation received angiography due to abnormal ultrasonography or edema of lower limbs, or cholangiography due to progressing jaundice. 15 cases received angiography and proved vascular complications and 4 cases received cholangiography and biliary complications were found. 3 of them appeared both vascular and biliary complications. Results Hepatic artery complication was the most common complication (seen in 9/16 patients), including hepatic artery thrombosis or stenosis (6/9), bleeding (2/9) and hepatic artery-dissecting aneurysm(1/9). One case with hepatic artery thrombosis received transcatheter thrombolysis and two cases with bleeding received coil embolization. Stenosis of inferior vena cava and portal vein were observed in 6 and 2 patients respectively. After balloon angioplasty or stent placement, clinical symptom of all cases alleviated. Biliary complications including biliary stricture and anastomotic bile leak occurred in 4 patients. Jaundice decreased after percutaneous transhepatic cholangiohraphy and drainage. Conclusion Interventional methods offered both diagnosis and mini-invasive treatment for patients after liver transplantation with vascular and biliary complications. Balloon angiography and stent placement of venous stenosis is an useful procedure for the treatment of these problems.