四种家兔实验性呼吸衰竭模型的比较研究

【目的】比较四种家兔实验性呼吸衰竭模型,寻找适合于临床医学本科生实验教学且效果好、易重复的建造模型的方法。【方法】将30只家兔随机分为对照组、不全窒息组、气胸组、油酸性肺水肿组和肾上腺素性肺水肿组。通过检测各组动物呼吸、血压、血气的变化,比较不同方法建造的呼吸衰竭模型的特点。【结果】家兔在不全窒息后呼吸频率、血压出现先升高后抑制的表现,PaO2下降,而PaCO2升高（P〈0.05）;气胸组家兔呼吸频率也出现先升高后抑制的表现,但血压变化不明显,PaO2下降,而PaCO2升高（P〈0.05）;油酸或肾上腺素静脉注射使家兔形成肺水肿后,呼吸改变以抑制为主,PaO2下降（P〈0.05）,而PaCO2变化不明显（P〉0.05）。【结论】在不全窒息所诱导的呼吸衰竭模型上,可检测到呼吸、血压、血气的典型变化,且操作简单,是适宜于呼吸衰竭实验教学的造模方法。

Comparative study on several experimental animal models of respiratory failure in rabbits

Objective] To compare four kinds of respiratory failure models, and select a reliable one laboratory experiment for medical students. Methods] A total of 30 rabbits were divided into five groups： control group, incomplete suffocation group, pneumothorax group and two pulmonary edema groups induced by oleic acid or epinephrine. In the progress of establishing models, the changes of respiration, blood pressure and blood gases were detected. The characteristics of these four models were compared. Results] The suffocative rabbits＇ respiratory frequency and blood pressure increased primarily and descended finally, the PaO2 descended but the PaCO2 increased （P 〈 0.05）. During the progress of rabbits＇ pneumothorax forming, the respiratory frequency and blood gases changed similarly as the suffocative rabbits. After injection of oleic acid or epinephrine, the rabbits＇ respiration was inhibited, the PaO2 descended （P 〈 0.05） but the PaCO2 changed unconspicuous （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusions] The model induced by incomplete suffocation is the reliable one for experimental teaching and can be replicated easily.