云南省≥60岁居民日常生活能力受损状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解云南省某城乡≥60岁居民日常生活能力受损情况及其影响因素,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法 采用多阶段随机抽样方法对云南省某城乡具有当地户籍并居住满1年的≥60岁居民进行调查。内容包括调查对象基本情况、行为因素及日常生活能力,采用单、多因素分析方法对老年人日常生活能力受损影响因素进行分析。结果 本研究共对3 978名≥60岁居民进行调查,平均年龄为（68.5 ± 6.6）岁,日常生活能力总分为（15.3 ± 4.0）分,日常生活能力受损率为25.6%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示71~80岁（OR=2.48）、81~93岁（OR=7.10）、所患慢性病数量越多（OR=1.27、1.90、2.35）的居民日常生活能力受损风险越高。男性（OR=0.77）、文化程度越高（OR=0.46、0.34、0.21）、尚维持婚姻状态（OR=0.69）、偶尔或经常与邻居交流（OR=0.66、0.51）、偶尔或经常参加社区活动（OR=0.78、0.54）、经常锻炼身体（OR=0.68）、偶尔或经常看书或阅读（OR=0.51、0.31）、偶尔或经常打牌或玩麻将（OR=0.47、0.64）、城市地区（OR=0.51）的≥60岁居民日常生活能力受损风险越低。结论 云南省某城乡老年人日常生活能力受损率较高,且受损影响因素较多,应提高城乡间医疗资源配置公平性、可及性,增加慢性病预防及治疗、老年人护理、保健、康复等相关保健知识的宣教,倡导健康生活方式。

Impairment and influencing factors of ability in activities of daily living among residents aged 60 years and over in Yunnan Province

Objective To understand the impairment of ability in activities of daily living （ADL） and influencing factors in residents aged ≥60 years in urban and rural areas of Yunnan Province, so as to provide a basis for the development of prevention and control measures. Methods A multi-stage sampling method was used to investigate residents aged ≥60 years, living in certain urban and rural areas in Yunnan Province for more than 1 year and with local household registration. The contents included the basic situation, behavior and ability in ADL of the participants. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze factors influencing the impairment of ability in ADL. Results A total of 3 978 residents aged ≥60 years were surveyed in this study, with an average age of （68. 5 ± 6. 6） years. The total score of activity in ADL was （15. 3 ± 4. 0） and the impairment rate of ability in ADL was 25. 6%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the residents aged 71-80 years （OR = 2. 48）, 81-93 years （OR = 7. 10）, with more chronic diseases （OR = 1. 27, 1. 90, 2. 35） were more likely to have higher risk of daily life impairment of ability in ADL, while those who were male （OR = 0. 77）, had higher education level （OR = 0. 46, 0. 34, 0. 21）, maintained marriage status （OR = 0. 69）, occasionally or frequently communicated with neighbors （OR = 0. 66, 0. 51）, occasionally or frequently participated in the community activities （OR = 0. 78, 0. 54）, exercised regularly （OR = 0. 68）, occasionally or frequently read books （OR = 0. 51, 0. 31）, occasionally or frequently played cards or Mahjong （OR = 0. 47, 0. 64）, and lived in urban area （OR = 0. 51） were more likely to have lower risk of impairment of ability in activities of ADL. Conclusion The elderly residents in urban and rural areas in Yunnan Province suffered from serious impairments of ability in activities of ADL, which were influenced by many factors. The fairness and accessibility of medical resource allocation in urban and rural areas should be improved. Propaganda and education of related health knowledge and healthy lifestyle should be strengthened and advocated.