云南省2012—2019年乌头类植物中毒流行特征

目的 了解2012—2019年云南省乌头类植物中毒流行特征,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法 利用食源性疾病暴发事件监测报告系统,收集云南省2012—2019年乌头类植物中毒事件数据,从乌头类植物中毒的基本情况、发病趋势以及时间分布、地区分布、场所分布、中毒原因等因素来进行统计分析。结果 云南省乌头类植物中毒呈逐年增加趋势,从2012年的6起增加到2019年的67起,发病人数从2012年的48例到2019年的308例。8年间共报告乌头中毒事件273起,发病人数1 499例,死亡人数65例,累计发病率、死亡率和病死率分别是3.12/10万,0.14/10万和4.34%,平均每次事件的患者数为5例。45.79%的报告事件主要集中在10—12月份,报告起数前五位主要集中在楚雄州（78起）、大理州（40起）、保山市（30起）、曲靖市（22起）和玉溪市（21起）,273起报告事件中,60.07%起事件发生在农村,252起（92.31%）以家庭暴发为主,事件发生原因主要为乌头类植物加工不当（事件起数占82.05%）。结论 云南省应将乌头类植物中毒作为食源性疾病防控工作的重点,在冬季前加强知识宣传工作,同时对农村家庭进行卫生监督。

Epidemic characteristics of aconite poisoning in Yunnan, 2012-2019

Objective To grasp the epidemic characteristics of aconite poisoning in Yunnan province from 2012 to 2019,and we provide the basis for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods We used the monitoring and reporting system of foodborne disease outbreaks,collecting the data of aconite poisoning events from 2012 to 2019,and the statistical analysis was conducted from the basic situation,the incidence trend,the time distribution,regional distribution, location distribution, poisoning causes and other factors of aconite poisoning. Results Aconite poisoning increased year by year,from 6 cases in 2012 to 67 cases in 2019,and the number of incidence increased from 48 persons in 2012 to 308 persons in 2019.A total of 273 cases of aconite poisoning were reported in the past 8 years,including 1 499 persons and 65 deaths.The cumulative morbidity, mortality and fatality rate were 3.12/100 000, 0.14/100 000 and 4.34%.The average number of patients per incident was 5. And 45.79% of the reported incidents were mainly concentrated in October to December;the top five cities were mainly concentrated in Chuxiong prefecture(78), Dali prefecture (40), Baoshan city (30), Qujing city (22) and Yuxi city (21), 60.07% cases of 273 reported incidents occurred in rural areas, 252 cases (92.31%) were family outbreaks,and main reason of the incident was the improper processing of the aconitum plants(82.05%). Conclusion Our province should take aconite poisoning as the focus of foodborne disease prevention and control, strengthen knowledge publicity before winter, and conduct health supervision on rural families.