微小RNA在甲状腺癌发生、 发展中的研究进展

微小RNA（miRNA）是一类内源性的、在进化上高度保守的非编码单链小RNA，其在多种生物和代谢过程中发挥着重要作用，包括信号转导及细胞增殖、分化和凋亡。miRNA可以担任抑癌基因或者癌基因，与肿瘤的形成有着密切的联系。近年来的研究结果显示，miRNA与甲状腺癌关系密切，参与了甲状腺癌的发生、发展过程，这与其具有的高侵袭性特征也存在相关性。笔者主要综述miRNA在不同类型甲状腺癌中的最新研究进展。

Advance in study of microRNA in occurrence and development of thyroid carcinoma

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, evolutionarily highly conserved noncoding single-stranded small RNAs. They play important roles in multiple biological and metabolic processes, including signal transduction, and cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. MiRNAs can act as tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, which are closely related to the formation of tumors. Recent studies have found that miRNA is closely related to thyroid cancer, and is involved in the occurrence and development of thyroid cancer, and is correlated with its highly invasive characteristics. In this paper the available data on miRNA deregulation in different thyroid tumors and the putative role of miRNA in thyroid cancer development were reviewed.