病理学指导下的非小细胞肺癌个体化免疫治疗

在肺癌个体化免疫治疗时代，如何有效地筛选程序性死亡［蛋白］-1（programmed death-1，PD-1）/程序性死亡［蛋白］配体-1（programmed death ligand-1，PD-L1）免疫检查点抑制剂潜在获益人群成为免疫治疗时代面临的新挑战。病理科医师通过免疫组织化学检测非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer，NSCLC）组织中PD-L1的表达水平，可为预测PD-1/PD-L1免疫检查点抑制剂治疗晚期NSCLC的疗效和预后提供准确可靠的依据。此外，病理科医师可通过传统病理学方法观察主要病理学缓解（major pathological response，MPR）程度，进一步评价早中期肺癌免疫新辅助治疗的效果。对目前病理学诊断指导下的NSCLC个体化免疫治疗的进展以及未来的发展方向进行综述。

Personalized immunotherapy for lung cancer under the guidance of pathology

In the era of personalized immunotherapy for lung cancer, how to effectively screen potential beneficiaries of programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors has become a new challenge. The expression levels of PD-L1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be detected by immunohistochemistry, which provides accurate and reliable information for predicting the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and prognosis in advanced NSCLC. In addition, traditional pathology can be used to observe major pathological response (MPR) to further evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for early/middle-stage NSCLC. This review summarized the current progress and future development of personalized immunotherapy for NSCLC under the guidance of pathology.