长沙市某医学院校临床医学生结核病知识知晓现况及不同干预模式的效果研究

目的 了解长沙市某医学院校临床医学生的结核病知识现况,探索医学院校结核病健康教育新模式,为高校开展结核病健康教育提供可行的思路。 方法 分成两个阶段,首先进行现况调查,选取某医学院临床专业全体在校五年级1 200名学生,以班级为单位集中进行问卷调查。第二阶段进行干预调查,随机抽取4个班分为2组进行为期1个月(每周1次)的健康促进干预。实验组(微电影模式组)以微电影为载体,依托班级微信群开展结核病防治健康教育;对照组(传统模式组)则采用发放宣传手册的方式。干预结束一周后进行问卷调查,以评价不同宣教模式效果。 结果 现况调查显示,仅26.9%医学生认为自身存在结核病患病风险,14.7%接受过结核菌素检测。总的结核病防治知识知晓率为44.4%,流行病学和预防维度知晓率为52.5%,诊断维度知晓率为35.7%,治疗维度知晓率为47.5%。干预后,实验组的结核病知识知晓水平均高于对照组:82.3% vs. 69.8%、82.6% vs. 71.4、81.3% vs. 67.4%、84.1% vs. 72.4%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 在医学生中开展专业性结核病健康教育势在必行。以微电影为载体、依托微信群进行健康教育,能有效提高医学生结核病知识知晓率。

Current status of awareness of tuberculosis knowledge and effectiveness of different intervention modes among clinical students in a medical college in Changsha

Objective To investigate the status quo of tuberculosis (TB) knowledge among clinical medical students in a medical college in Changsha, to explore a new mode of health education regarding TB in medical colleges, and to provide the feasible train of thoughts for conducting health education regarding TB in colleges. Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed in the first stage. Based on taking one class as a unit, 1,200 fifth-year clinical medical students selected in a medical college were investigated by questionnaires. Another survey on the effectiveness of intervention was conducted in the second stage. One-month period of health promotion intervention (once per week) was performed on 4 randomly selected classes which were divided into the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group (the micro-film mode group) received health education about TB prevention and treatment through micro-films in class WeChat group, but health education brochures were distributed in the control group (the traditional mode group). One week after the intervention, a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different propaganda and education modes. Results This cross-sectional survey revealed that only 26.9% of the medical students were aware of being at risk of TB, and 14.70% had received a Mantoux test. The overall awareness rate of TB prevention and treatment was 44.4%. The awareness rates of dimensions regarding epidemiology and prevention, diagnosis, and treatment were 52.5%, 35.7% and 47.5%, respectively. After the intervention, the awareness rates of TB knowledge were all higher in the experimental group than in the control group (82.3% vs. 69.8%, 82.6% vs. 71.4%, 81.3% vs. 67.4%, 84.1% vs. 72.4%), showing statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Conclusions It is imperative to carry out professional TB health education among the medical students, and the micro-film communication mode is an effective means to enhance the awareness rate of TB knowledge.