云南省2018年动物间鼠疫监测调查与分析

目的 掌握和分析云南省2018年鼠疫疫情现况,为鼠疫防控对策提供科学依据。方法 2018年对云南省104个县(市)开展鼠疫宿主、媒介、病原学和血清学监测,并对监测结果统计学分析。结果 黄胸鼠疫源地以黄胸鼠、褐家鼠为优势种;齐氏姬鼠-大绒鼠疫源地以齐氏姬鼠、大绒鼠为优势种,黄胸鼠疫源地黄胸鼠鼠体蚤以印鼠客蚤和缓慢细蚤为主;褐家鼠以缓慢细蚤、人蚤和印鼠客蚤为主。齐氏姬鼠-大绒鼠疫源地齐氏姬鼠鼠体蚤以棕形额蚤、特新蚤指名亚种为主;大绒鼠鼠体蚤以方叶栉眼蚤为主,特新蚤指名亚种为次要寄生染蚤种。对47 618只动物进行细菌学检验,检出鼠疫菌4株;对20 710组媒介进行细菌学检验,结果均为阴性。应用鼠疫间接血凝试验方法检验动物血清20 105份,阳性4份,应用鼠疫反相间接血凝试验方法检验动物脏器23份,阳性5份。结论 云南省野鼠疫源地玉龙县和古城区发生动物鼠疫流行,流行强度猛烈,家鼠疫源地未发生鼠疫疫情,但是形势不容乐观,应加强对全省鼠疫的监测和健康教育工作。

Investigation and analysis of animal plague surveillance in Yunnan Province,China, in 2018

The goal of this work was to investigate and analyze the plague epidemic status in Yunnan Province, China, in 2018, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of plague. Surveillance on plague hosts, vectors, etiology and serology was conducted in 104 counties or cities in Yunnan Province in 2018, the monitoring reports were built into a database by using Excel 2013, the results were statistically analyzed with SPSS 19.0 software, and the ratios were compared with χ² tests. Rattus tanezumi and R. norvegicus were the dominant species in the natural plague foci of R. tanezumi. Apodemus chevrieri and Eothenomys miletus were the dominant species in the natural plague foci of A. chevrieri and E. miletus. Xenopsylla cheopis and Leptopsylla segnis were the dominant fleas on R. tanezumi in the natural foci of R. tanezumi, and L. segnis, Pulex irritans and X. cheopis were the dominant fleas on R. norvegicus. In the natural plague foci of A. chevrieri and E. miletus, Frontopsylla spadix and Neopsylla specialis specialis were the dominant fleas on A. chevrieri, Ctenophthalmus quadratus was the dominant flea on E. miletus, and N. specialis specialis was the secondary parasitic flea species on E. miletus. Bacteriological tests were performed on 47 618 animals and 20 710 vectors, with 4 strains of Yersinia pestis isolated from animals and negative results from vectors. Indirect hemagglutination (IHA) assays were used to test serum samples, and 4 of 20 105 serum samples were positive for the plague. Five of 23 animal organ samples were positive for the plague, according to reverse IHA (RIHA). Animal plague occurred in Yulong county, in the Gucheng District of Lijiang in Yunnan Province, which were the natural plague foci of A. chevrieri and E. miletus and had high epidemic intensity. Although there was no plague in the natural plague foci of R. tanezumi, the outlook is not optimistic. Plague surveillance and health education work in Yunnan Province must be strengthened.