上海市某区2017—2019年哨点医院中毒病例特征分析

目的 探索上海某辖区内中毒病例发生的原因、毒物类型、病例分布及流行特征等，为预防和控制中毒事故的发生提供科学依据。
方法 对2017年7月-2019年6月两家哨点医院收治的473例中毒病例进行统计学分析。
结果 中毒病例平均年龄为（41.45±18.10）岁，集中在20~40岁年龄段（>50%）。中毒病例排在前3位的人员是离退休、商业或服务业职员、待业或无业人员。中毒原因主要为滥用酒精237例（占50.1%）、自杀116例（占24.5%）、误饮误服50例（占10.6%）；不同性别病例中毒原因构成比差异有统计学意义（χ2=72.426，P < 0.01）。自杀病例中女性为主，有81例（占69.8%）；另有学生13例（占11.2%）。中毒就诊时间段中，主要集中在19:00到凌晨2:00，占全天的58.13%；中毒患者中共有5例死亡，病死率1.08%。
结论 开展中毒病例监测非常必要，针对重点人群开展健康教育与健康干预，以降低中毒病例发生的可能性具有非常重要的意义。

Characterization of poisoning cases reported by sentinel monitoring hospitals in a district of Shanghai from 2017 to 2019

Objective To understand the causes, poison types, case distribution and epidemic characteristics of poisoning cases in a region, to provide scientific basis for preventing and controlling the occurrence of poisoning accidents. Methods Totally 473 poisoning cases treated in two sentinel monitoring hospitals from July 2017 to June 2019 were analyzed. Results The average age of poisoning cases was (41.45±18.104) years old, most were within 20-40 age old (> 50%). The top three were the retired, the business/service staff and the unemployed. The main causes of poisoning were alcohol abuse (237 cases, 50.1%), suicide(116 cases, 24.5%), misuse of drugs(50 cases, 10.6%). There was difference of causes of poisoning between genders(χ2=72.426, P < 0.01). Among the suicide cases, females accounted for 81 cases (69.8%) and students accounted 13 cases (11.2%). 58.13% cases were sent to the hospital for poisoning treatment mainly during 7:00 pm to 2:00 am. The fatality rate was 1.08% (5 cases). Conclusion Poison case monitoring at sentinel hospitals is very important. The health education and health intervention for vulnerable persons should be carried out to reduce the possibility of poisoning.