2011-2019年广东省输入性疟疾疫情分析

目的 分析广东省输入性疟疾疫情态势,为维持广东省消除疟疾状态制订有效的防控策略。 方法 收集广东省 2011-2019 年疟疾监测数据进行回顾性描述。 结果 2011-2019 年广东共报告输入性疟疾病例 1 524 例,其中恶性疟占 75. 26%(1 147 / 1 524)、间日疟占 14. 30%(218 / 1 524)、三日疟占 5. 91%(90 / 1 524)、卵形疟占 1. 97%(30 /1 524),混合疟 10 例、诺氏疟 1 例和未分型 28 例。 全省 19 个地市有病例报告,报告发病数前三位的地市为广州(51. 84%,790 / 1 524)、深圳 ( 19. 49%,297 / 1 524)、佛山 ( 5. 64%,86 / 1 524),三个地市报告数占全省病例数的76. 97%(1 173 / 1 524)。 病例主要来源于非洲、东南亚等国家,输入病例排在前三位的分别为尼日利亚(20. 47%,312 / 1 524)、加纳(8. 27%,126 / 1 524)和喀麦隆(6. 50%,99 / 1 524)。 病例男女性别比为 7. 51 ∶ 1;发病人群主要为20~ 49 岁的男性(76. 25%,1 162 / 1 524)。 病例从事职业前三位的为商业服务(25. 98%,396 / 1 524)、劳务输出工人(24. 54%,374 / 1 524)和家务及待业(9. 38%,143 / 1 524),共占总病例数的 59. 91%(913 / 1 524)。 全省报告外籍病例 287 例,主要来自非洲(90. 24%,259 / 287),其中尼日利亚籍占 16. 38%(47 / 287)、安哥拉籍占 6. 97%(20 / 287)、喀麦隆籍占 6. 62% ( 19 / 287);报告虫种前三位为恶性疟 ( 85. 71%,246 / 287)、间日疟 ( 10. 10%,29 / 287) 和三日疟(1. 74%,5 / 287)。 共报告 15 例死亡病例,无输入继发疟疾病例发生。 结论 广东省的疟疾防控措施是敏感有效的,输入性疟疾是目前乃至今后疟疾防控的主要威胁,需适当调整防控策略,继续加强监测和治疗。

Analysis on the epidemic situation of imported malaria in Guangdong Province from 2011 to 2019

Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of imported malaria in Guangdong Province for ensuring long-term effect of the prevention and control strategies in our province. Methods Surveillance data of malaria were obtained and reviewed in Guangdong from 2011 to 2019. Results Totally, 1 524 imported malaria cases, including 1 147 (75. 26% ) of falciparum malaria, 218(14. 30% ) vivax malaria, 90 (5. 91% ) quartan malaria,30 (1. 97% ) Ovale malaria, 10 (0. 66% ) mixed malaria, 1 (0. 07% ) plasmodiumknowless, and 28 (1. 84% ) unclassified, were reported from 2011 to 2019 in Guangdong. 76. 97% (1 173 / 1 524) of the cases were scattered in 19 cities, and ranked top three by Guangzhou (790 cases, 51. 84% ), Shenzhen(297 cases, 19. 49% ) and Foshan(86 cases, 5. 64% ). The imported cases were primarily from Africa and Southeast Asia, including 312 cases ( 20. 47% ) from Nigeria, 126 ( 8. 27% ) from Ghana, and 99 (6. 50% ) from Cameroon. The ratio of male / female was 7. 51 ∶ 1, and 76. 25% of the cases were at age of 20 to 49 years in man. The infection was prominent in personnels in business service ( 25. 98% , 396 / 1 524), export workers( 24. 54% ,374 / 1 524), and housewifes or unemployed(9. 38% , 143 / 1 524), which accounted for 59. 91% (913 / 1 524) of the total reported cases. Of the 287 foreign malaria cases reported, 90. 24% were Africans, in whom 16. 38% (47 / 287) were Nigerians, 6. 97% (20 / 287) Angolans, and 6. 62% (19 / 287)Cameroonians. The most infection was associated with Plasmodium falciparum(85. 71% , 246 / 287), Plasmodium vivax(10. 1% , 29 / 287) and Plasmodium malariae(1. 74% , 5 / 287). Totally, 15 deathes were reported, yet no secondary infection occurred in the imported cases. Conclusion At present, the measures of malaria prevention and control in Guangdong Province appear still sensitive and effective. Nevertheless, imported cases have become the main threat in malaria control and prevention at present and in the future, which suggests that it is necessary to adjust the prevention and control strategies and continue to strengthen monitoring over the transmission and treatment of the patients.