盐酸环喷托酯、复方托吡卡胺与阿托品对儿童睫状肌麻痹效果的比较

目的：探讨盐酸环喷托酯、复方托吡卡胺与阿托品对不同年龄、屈光状态及调节性内斜视儿童的睫 状肌麻痹效果。方法：前瞻性临床研究。对2018年9月至2019年9月在武汉大学人民医院眼科就诊 的3～12岁屈光不正儿童283例（566眼）行睫状肌麻痹验光。所有患儿均先使用1%阿托品眼用凝胶 点眼后电脑验光，并随机分为A组和B组。2组均按年龄分为3～<6岁组和6～<12岁组，3～<6岁组 和6～<12岁组再分为无内斜近视组、无内斜远视组和伴内斜视组3个亚组。5周后，瞳孔大小及对光 反射恢复正常，A组使用1%盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液点眼后电脑验光，B组使用0.5%复方托吡卡胺滴眼 液点眼后电脑验光。采用Wilcoxon符号秩和检验对1%阿托品睫状肌麻痹前后电脑验光等效球镜度 （SE）差值、不同药物睫状肌麻痹后电脑验光差值进行统计分析。结果：1%阿托品散瞳后SE较散瞳 前偏正，SE差值为1.75（1.00～2.75）D，差异有统计学意义（Z=-20.62，P<0.001）。差异在3～<6岁 儿童、无内斜远视儿童及伴内斜视儿童中更明显（P<0.001）。A组使用1%阿托品散瞳后SE较使用 1%盐酸环喷托酯后偏正，SE差值为0.25（0.13～0.50）D（Z=-11.49，P<0.001）。3～<6岁组使用1% 阿托品后和使用1%盐酸环喷托酯后的SE差值在无内斜近视组、无内斜远视组和伴内斜视组分别为 0.25（0.25～0.25）D、0.38（0.25～0.50）D、0.50（0.38～0.75）D（Z=-3.34、-7.36、-4.95，均 P<0.001）。6～<12岁组的SE差值在3组为0（0～0.12）D、0.25（0.12～0.25）D、0.44（0.28～0.69）D （Z=-0.83，P=0.405；Z=-5.30，P<0.001；Z=-3.53，P<0.001）。B组使用1%阿托品散瞳后SE较使用0.5% 复方托吡卡胺后偏正，SE差值为0.25（0.13～0.50）D（Z=-15.46，P<0.001）。3～<6岁组使用1%阿 托品后和使用0.5%复方托吡卡胺后的SE差值在无内斜近视组、无内斜远视组和伴内斜视组分别为 0.25（0.19～0.25）D、0.38（0.25～0.75）D、0.69（0.30～1.03）D（Z=-3.15，P=0.002，Z=-9.89， P<0.001，Z=-4.79，P<0.001）。6～<12岁组的SE差值在3组分别为0（0～0.12）D、0.32（0.13～0.38）D、 0.50（0.41～0.50）D（Z=-1.37，P=0.171；Z=-7.15，P<0.001；Z=-4.37，P<0.001）。结论：1%盐酸环 喷托酯滴眼液或0.5%复方托吡卡胺滴眼液点眼后散瞳验光SE与1%阿托品眼用凝胶点眼后散瞳验光 的SE在6～<12岁无内斜视的近视儿童中相近，在3～<6岁和6～<12岁远视及伴内斜视儿童中存在 差异。

Comparison of Cyclopentolate,Compound Tropicamide and Atropine on Cycloplegiain Children

Objective: To investigate and compare the cycloplegic effect of cyclopentolate, compound topicamide and atropine in children with different ages, refractive status and accommodative esotropia. Methods: This prospective clinical study had been conducted at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between September 2018 and September 2019 in 283 children (566 eyes) of 3-12 years old with refractive error. All the children were given 1% atropine to obtain the refractive diopter, and they were randomly divided into group A and group B. The two group are divided into 3-<6 years old group and 6-<12 years old group according to age. The 3-<6 years old group and the 6-<12 years old group are divided into three subgroups: The myopia group without esotropia, the hyperopia group without esotropia and the esotropia group. After 5 weeks, pupil size and light reflex back to normal. Group A received 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride eye drops for computer optometry, and group B received 0.5% compound tropicamide eye drops for computer optometry. The Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used to statistically analyze the difference of spherical equivalent of computer optometry before and after 1% atropine, and the difference of computer optometry after different cycloplegia. Results: The SE after 1% atropine was greater than before 1% atropine, the difference of SE was 1.75(1.00-2.75)D, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-20.62, P<0.001). The difference was more obvious children with aged 3 to 6, children with hyperopia and children with esotropia (P<0.001). In group A, the SE after using 1% atropine was greater than that after using 1% cyclopentolate, and the difference of SE was 0.25(0.13-0.50)D (Z=-11.49, P<0.001). The difference of SE in 3-<6 years old group after using 1% atropine and 1% cyclopentolate in the myopia group without esotropia, hyperopia group without esotropia and esotropia group were 0.25(0.25-0.25)D, 0.38(0.25-0.50)D, 0.50(0.38-0.75)D (Z=-3.34, -7.36, -4.95, all P<0.001). The difference of SE of that 3 subgroups in the 6-<12 years group were 0(0-0.12)D, 0.25(0.12-0.25)D, 0.44(0.28-0.69)D (Z=-0.83, P=0.405; Z=-5.30, P<0.001; Z=-3.53, P<0.001). In group B, the SE after using 1% atropine was greater than that after using 0.5% compound tropicamide, and the difference of SE was 0.25(0.13-0.50)D (Z=-15.46, P<0.001). The difference of SE in 3-<6 years old group after using 1% atropine and 0.5% compound tropicamide in the myopia group without esotropia, hyperopia group without esotropia and esotropia group were 0.25(0.19- 0.25)D, 0.38(0.25-0.75)D, 0.69(0.30-1.03)D (Z=-3.15, P=0.002; Z=-9.89, P<0.001; Z=-4.79, P<0.001). The difference of SE of that 3 subgroups in the 6-<12 years group were 0(0-0.12)D, 0.32(0.13-0.38)D, 0.50(0.41-0.50)D (Z=-1.37, P=0.171; Z=-7.15, P<0.001; Z=-4.37, P<0.001). Conclusions: The spherical equivalent of mydriasis refraction with 1% cyclopentolate eye drops or 0.5% compound tropicamide eye drops is similar to that with 1% atropine in myopic children aged 6 to 12 years without esotropia, and it is different from that with 1% atropine in 3-<6 years old children and children with hyperopia and esotropia at 6-<12 years old.