外泌体作为结直肠癌诊断标志物的研究进展

外泌体是一种由细胞分泌至胞外的直径为30~150 nm的纳米囊泡，广泛分布于人体血液、尿液、唾液、汗液、乳汁和脑脊液等多种体液中。结直肠癌是常见的消化道恶性肿瘤，其发病率在全球范围内位居第三，严重威胁着人类健康。结直肠癌来源的外泌体中含有一些肿瘤特异性蛋白、微小RNAs（microRNAs，miRNAs）和长链非编码 RNAs（long non-coding RNAs，lncRNAs）等，与结直肠癌的发生和发展具有相关性，因此有望作为结直肠癌诊断的生物标志物。本文主要对外泌体在结直肠癌诊断中的应用前景作一综述。

Research progress of exosomes as biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnosis

Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles with sizes of 30~150 nm.They are widely distributed in various body fluids such as human blood,urine,saliva,sweat,milk and cerebrospinal fluid.Colorectal cancer is a common gastrointestinal cancer.Which has the third highest incidence worldwide and poses a serious threat to human health.Exosomes from colorectal cancer contain tumor-specific proteins,microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs),which have a good correlation with the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer.Therefore,exosomes are expected to be potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnosis.This article reviews the application prospects of exosomes in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.