学龄前儿童Titmus立体视检查图和颜氏第三代立体视检查图的适用性研究

目的 探讨Titmus立体视检查图和颜氏第三代立体视检查图对学龄前儿童的适用性。设计 横断面调查。研究对象 分层整群抽取北京市海淀区5所幼儿园3~6岁1021名儿童。方法 所有受试儿童进行视力、眼位、Titmus立体视和颜氏第三代立体视检查，能辨认立体盲图形或能明确说出立体盲图内无隐藏图形者认为检查成功。观察不同年龄儿童检查的成功率，比较不同年龄组儿童立体视锐度分布差异及两种立体视检查结果的差异。主要指标 立体视锐度。结果 3岁儿童Titmus检查成功率为91.2%，高于颜氏第三代检查的86.0%，随年龄增长两种检查方法的成功率逐步增高。在可以完成检查的正常儿童中，90%以上儿童能够达到的立体视锐度：Titmus检查3岁为100″，4岁为80″，5岁和6岁为60″；颜氏第三代立体视检查各年龄组均为60″。立体视锐度达到60″的百分比：Titmus检查随年龄逐步增加，4岁组高于3岁组（χ2=55.578，P=0.000）、5岁组高于4岁组（χ2=7.989，P=0.005）；颜氏第三代立体视检查各年龄组均在90%以上，在相邻两年龄组间均无统计学差异。两种立体视检查中心凹立体视比例的差异：3~6岁总体上有统计学差异（χ2=68.284，P=0.000），随着年龄增加两种方法的差异减小，5岁组（P=0.070）和6岁组（P=0.146）两种方法无统计学差异。结论 Titmus立体视检查图更适合于低龄儿童。学龄前儿童Titmus立体视检查图和颜氏第三代立体视检查图检查的正常参考值不同，5岁以上儿童两种检查方法正常参考值趋于一致。（眼科， 2020， 29： 339-343）

The applicability of Titmus and Yan's third-generation stereoscopic test charts in preschool children

Objective To explore the applicability of Titmus and Yan's third-generation stereoscopic test charts in preschool children. Design Cross-sectional survey. Participants Stratified and clustered 1021 children aged 3-6 years from 5 kindergartens in Haidian District, Beijing. Methods All children were examined for visual acuity, ocular deviation, Titmus stereo vision and Yan's third-generation stereo vision. Successful inspection was defined as being able to recognize the qualitative plates pattern or clearly stating that there was no hidden pattern in the qualitative plates. Successful inspection rate of children of different ages was measured. The differences in the stereo acuities of children of different age groups and the differences in the results of two stereo vision examinations were compared. Main Outcome Measures Stereo acuity. Results Test ability of the Titmus stereo charts was 91.2% while the Yan's third-generation stereoscopic test charts was 86.0% for 3 years-old children. Successful inspection rate of two tests increased with age. Among children who can complete the test, Titmus stereo acuity charts that can be achieved by more than 90% of children were 100″ for 3 years-old children, 80″ for 4 years-old children and 60″ for 5-6 years-old children, while Yan's third-generation stereo acuity charts was 60″ in all age groups. The percentage of 60″ by Titmus test was gradually increased with ages and statistically different between the 3-4 years-old children (χ2=55.578, P=0.000), 4-5 years-old children (χ2=7.989, P=0.005). The percentage of 60″ by the Yan's third-generation stereopsis charts was over 90% in 3 years-old children and was not statistically different between any two adjacent age groups. There were statistically significant differences between the two stereoscopic tests (χ2=68.284, P=0.000). With the increase of age, the difference between the two tests decreased and there was no statistical difference in 5 years-old (P=0.070) and 6 years-old group (P=0.146). Conclusion Titmus charts has high test ability for under-age children. The normal reference values of the two tests for preschool children were different. The normal reference value of the two tests in 5 years-old or more children tends to be unified. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2020, 29: 339-343)