深圳市2015—2017年市售淡水鱼中孔雀石绿污染状况及居民膳食暴露评估

目的 为了解深圳市市售淡水鱼中孔雀石绿的污染现状,通过监测市售淡水鱼中孔雀石绿的含量,计算深圳市民孔雀石绿的膳食暴露量,对市民通过淡水鱼摄入孔雀石绿的人体健康风险进行评估。方法 依照《深圳市疾控系统食品安全风险监测工作方案》的要求,在深圳市10个（新）区共采集340份淡水鱼样品,按照《GB/T 19857-2005 水产品中孔雀石绿和结晶紫残留量的测定》进行样品检测。结果 深圳市2015—2017年共采集市售淡水产品340份,其中,30份样品检出孔雀石绿,检出率为8.82%,检测最大值为855.3 µg/kg;孔雀石绿超标率由高到底按淡水鱼种类依次为：桂花鱼20.00%（4/20）>鲩鱼16.33%（8/49）>鲤鱼14.63%（4/41>鲫鱼11.11%（1/9）>鲢鱼10.53%（2/19）>生鱼10.00%（3/30）>其他鱼8.33%（1/12）>鳙鱼6.52%（3/46）>罗非鱼5.00%（2/40）,其中多宝鱼、鲈鱼、草鱼和大头鱼未检出孔雀石绿。深圳居民每人每日孔雀石绿的膳食暴露量为87.75 µg。结论 通过连续3年监测深圳市市售淡水鱼中孔雀石绿的含量,发现深圳市市售淡水鱼中孔雀石绿超标率维持在较高水平,需从渔业的农药使用、市售淡水鱼中孔雀石绿的监测两个方面来加强对孔雀石绿超标的控制。膳食暴露评估显示淡水鱼中的孔雀石绿未对深圳市民健康构成危害。

Contamination situation of malachite green in freshwater fish and its dietary exposure assessment of Shenzhen, 2015- 2017

Objective To investigate the residue levels of malachite green (MG) in freshwater fish on the market, and we assess the dietary MG exposure on Shenzhen residents．The second aim was to assess the health risk of Shenzhen residents induced by MG intake from freshwater fish on the market. Methods According to Food Safety Risk Monitoring Program of Shenzhen Disease Control System, 340 freshwater fish samples were collected in ten districts of Shenzhen. On the basis of Determination of malachite green and crystal violet residue in GB/T 19857-2005 aquatic products, malachite green were detected. Results From 2015 to 2017,malachite green was found in 30 samples from 340 freshwater fishes (8.82%), and the maximum level was 855.3 µg/kg. According to the freshwater fish category, the exceeding rates of malachite green residues in freshwater fish on the market from high to low were mandarin fish(20.00%, 4/20), grasscarp (16.33%, 8/49), carp(14.63%,6/41), crucian(11.11%,1/9), tilapia mossambica(10.53%, 2/19), argus snakehead fish(10.00%, 3/30), other fish (8.33%,1/12), bighead carp(6.52%, 3/46), hybrid tilapia (5.00%, 2/40). Malachite green were not found in turbot, weevers, crass carp and Bullhead. Daily dietary exposure of malachite green on Shenzhen residents was calculated for each person was 87.75 µg. Conclusion Judging from the detection of malachite green in freshwater fish on the market in Shenzhen, the exceeding rates of malachite green maintained at a high level. Abuse of pesticides in fishery industry and monitoring of malachite green in freshwater fish should be strengthened to control the exceeding rates of malachite green in freshwater fish on market. Dietary exposure assessment showed that malachite green in freshwater fish did not pose a health hazard to Shenzhen citizens.