非酒精性脂肪肝患者血生化指标、饮食及行为特征研究

目的 探索非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）患者血生化指标、饮食和行为特征,为NAFLD的防治提供依据。方法 选取于2018年1月至2019年12月在海安市某医院分别诊断为NAFLD（NAFLD组）和酒精性肝病（ALD）（ALD组）的患者为研究对象,同期按符合研究条件的NAFLD病例数以1∶1招募同性别、年龄 ± 0.5岁在同医院进行健康体检者作为对照组,对3组人群进行问卷调查、体格检查及血生化指标检测,并进行结果比较。结果 共纳入115例NAFLD病例、98例ALD病例和健康体检者100人进行研究,年龄25~73岁。3组年龄、性别、婚姻状况、职业、文化程度、家庭人均月收入等的差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。3组的体重指数（BMI）、舒张压（DBP）、收缩压（SBP）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、空腹血糖（FBG）、血肌酐（Scr）、血尿酸（SUA）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.01）,NAFLD组和ALD组各项指标除HDL-C外均高于对照组（均P<0.05）,ALD组各指标除HDL-C外均高于NAFLD组（均P<0.05）。吸烟情况、运动习惯、睡眠情况及饮食习惯在3组中的分布差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）,NAFLD组和ALD组人群的吸烟和油腻饮食比例较高,睡眠充足、运动比例较低。结论 NAFLD患者血压、血脂、血糖指标水平均较高,同时存在饮食习惯和运动行为不合理现象,可从改变不良饮食及行为习惯着手,以降低NAFLD发病风险。

Blood biochemical indexes,diet and behavior characteristics of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Objective To explore the blood biochemical indexes, diet and behavior characteristics of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）, with a view to providinge vidence for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.Methods Patients who were diagnosed with NAFLD （NAFLD group） and alcoholic liver disease （ALD） （ALD group） in a hospital in Hai'an City from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected as the research subjects, and the number of NAFLD cases that met the research conditions during the same period was selected a 1∶1 recruitment of the same sex, aged ± 0.5 years old in the same hospital as the control group.Questionnaire survey, physical examination and blood biochemical index detection were carried out among the three groups, and the results were compared.Results A total of 115 NAFLD cases, 98 ALD cases and 100 healthy persons were included in the study, aged 25-73 years old. There wereno statistically significant differences in age, gender, marital status, occupation, education level, and monthly per capita income in family between the three groups （all P>0.05）. The differences in BMI, DBP, SBP, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, FBG, Scr, SUA, ALT, AST among the three groups were statistically significant （all P<0.01）, all indexes except HDL-C in the NAFLD group and the ALD group were higher than the control group （all P<0.05）, and all indexes except HDL-C in the ALD group were higher than the NAFLD group （all P<0.05）. Smoking, exercise habits, sleep and eating habits were significantly different among the three groups（P<0.05 or P<0.01）. The NAFLD group and ALD group had higher proportion of smoking and greasy diet, and lower proportion of adequate sleep and exercise.Conclusion The levels of blood pressure, blood lipid and blood glucose in patients with NAFLD are higher, and there are unreasonable eating habits and exercise behaviors.People can start from changing the unhealthy diet and behavior habits to reduce the risk of NAFLD.