Pigs as source of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 infections in humans, Denmark |
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Authors: | Lewis Hannah C Mølbak Kåre Reese Catrin Aarestrup Frank M Selchau Mette Sørum Marit Skov Robert L |
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Affiliation: | Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.C. Lewis, K. Mølbak, M. Selchau, M. Sørum, R.L. Skov);European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (H.C. Lewis);Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark (C. Reese);Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen (F.M. Aarestrup) |
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Abstract: | An emerging subtype of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), clonal complex (CC) 398, is associated with animals, particularly pigs. We conducted a matched case-control and a case-case study comparing 21 CC398 case-patients with 2 controls randomly selected from the Danish Civil Registry and 2 case-patients infected with MRSA other than CC398. On farms of case-patients, animals were examined for MRSA. Thirteen case-patients reported pig exposure. Living or working on farms with animals was an independent risk factor for CC398 in the case-control (matched odds ratio [MOR] 35.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.7-469.8) and the case-case study (MOR 14.5, 95%CI 2.7-76.7). History of hospitalization was associated with an increased risk only in the case-control study (MOR 11.4, 95% CI 1.4-94.8). A total of 23 of 50 pigs on 4 of 5 farms were positive for CC398. Our results, corroborated by microbiologic testing, demonstrate that pigs are a source of CC398 in Denmark. |
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Keywords: | Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistance community-acquired infections epidemiology case-control studies animals domestic swine (pig) CC398 research |
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