Defining and measuring gender: A social determinant of health whose time has come |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Susan?P?PhillipsEmail author |
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Institution: | (1) Queen's University Department of Family Medicine, 220 Bagot St, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 5E9, Canada |
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Abstract: | This paper contributes to a nascent scholarly discussion of sex and gender as determinants of health. Health is a composite
of biological makeup and socioeconomic circumstances. Differences in health and illness patterns of men and women are attributable
both to sex, or biology, and to gender, that is, social factors such as powerlessness, access to resources, and constrained
roles. Using examples such as the greater life expectancy of women in most of the world, despite their relative social disadvantage,
and the disproportionate risk of myocardial infarction amongst men, but death from MI amongst women, the independent and combined
associations of sex and gender on health are explored. A model for incorporating gender into epidemiologic analyses is proposed. |
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Keywords: | |
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