Nipah Virus Infection Outbreak with Nosocomial and Corpse-to-Human Transmission,Bangladesh |
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Authors: | Hossain M.S. Sazzad M. Jahangir Hossain Emily S. Gurley Kazi M.H. Ameen Shahana Parveen M. Saiful Islam Labib I. Faruque Goutam Podder Sultana S. Banu Michael K. Lo Pierre E. Rollin Paul A. Rota Peter Daszak Mahmudur Rahman Stephen P. Luby |
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Affiliation: | Author affiliations: icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh (H.M.S. Sazzad, M.J. Hossain, E.S. Gurley, S. Parveen, M.S. Islam, L.I. Faruque, G. Podder, S.P. Luby); ;Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, Dhaka (K.M.H. Ameen, S.S. Banu, M. Rahman); ;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M.K. Lo, P.E. Rollin, P.A. Rota, S.P. Luby); ;EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, USA (P. Daszak) |
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Abstract: | Active Nipah virus encephalitis surveillance identified an encephalitis cluster and sporadic cases in Faridpur, Bangladesh, in January 2010. We identified 16 case-patients; 14 of these patients died. For 1 case-patient, the only known exposure was hugging a deceased patient with a probable case, while another case-patient’s exposure involved preparing the same corpse for burial by removing oral secretions and anogenital excreta with a cloth and bare hands. Among 7 persons with confirmed sporadic cases, 6 died, including a physician who had physically examined encephalitis patients without gloves or a mask. Nipah virus–infected patients were more likely than community-based controls to report drinking raw date palm sap and to have had physical contact with an encephalitis patient (29% vs. 4%, matched odds ratio undefined). Efforts to prevent transmission should focus on reducing caregivers’ exposure to infected patients’ bodily secretions during care and traditional burial practices. |
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Keywords: | Nipah encephalitis outbreak Nipah virus NiV nosocomial healthcare-associated infection corpse Bangladesh viruses burial practices PPE personal protective equipment health care workers transmission |
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