2007年凉山彝族自治州彝族城乡居民糖尿病患病率调查

目的 了解四川省凉山州彝族城乡居民糖尿病及糖调节受损(IGR)的患病情况和流行病学特征并比较城市与农村的差别.方法 对自然人群采用随机整群抽样的方法,于2007年7月至8月在四川省凉山州西昌市区及市区附近3个乡村中20～74岁的彝族居民开展横断面调查.本次调查人数1255人(城市621人,农村634人),本研究纳入对象1181名(城市571人,农村610人).使用统一设计的流行病学调查表,由受严格培训的医务人员询问并填写调查对象的一般情况、职业、受教育程度、年收入、生活习惯、烟酒嗜好、糖尿病家族史、糖尿病史等.行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),测量血压、身高、体重、腰围等指标,比较城乡糖尿病患病率的差异.糖尿病及IGR的诊断均采用1999年WHO提出的标准.排除标准:父母存在异族血统的混血彝族居民.采用SPSS 13.0软件包进行统计学分析,符合正态分布的计量资料用-x±s表示,不符合正态分布的计量资料用中位数(四分位间距)表示,均数比较采用t检验,中位数比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验,率的比较采用x2检验,危险因素分析采用非条件Logistic回归分析.结果 凉山彝族自治州彝族居民的糖尿病和IGR的患病率分别为6.7%和17.1%.城市彝族居民糖尿病和IGR的患病率高于农村居民(糖尿病:9.1%、4.4%,P=0.001;IGR:23.1%、12.6%,P＜0.001).男性糖尿病患病率高于女性(9.2%、4.9%,P＜0.05).城市居民糖尿病的患病率随年龄逐渐增高,农村居民的患病率则在60～70岁达高峰.城乡居民IGR的患病率在50～60岁和＞70岁两个年龄段较高.结论 西昌城乡彝族居民中糖尿病和IGR的流行情况与全国流行趋势基本相似,但是区域特点明显,我们应该结合流行趋势和区域特点广泛开展糖尿病的防治.

Epidemiological investigation of diabetes in Yi nationalities in city and village of Liangshan prefecture

Objective To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) in individuals of Yi nationality aged 20-74 years in Liangshan Zhou. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional survey on diabetes mellitus and IGR was carried out in local Yi Nationalities Region from June 2007 to August 2007 by using stratified cluster sampling method and 1999 WHO criteria. Results The prevalence of diabetes and IGR were 6.7% and 17.1%, respectively. The prevalence of diabetes and IGR in the city were higher than thase in the village (diabetes, 9.1% vs 4.4%,P=0.001 ;IGR,23.1% vs 12.6% ,P＜0.001). There was higher prevalence of diabetes in male than in female (9.2% vs 4.9%, P ＜ 0.05). The prevalence of diabetes of Yi nationality in the city gradually increased along with the growing age, while that in the village reached its peak in the age of 60-69 years.The prevalence of IGR of Yi nationality in the city and village was higher in the two age stages of 50-59 years and 70-74 years. Conclusions The epidemiological characteristics of diabetes and IGR of Yi nationality in the city and village are similar with that in all over the nation. The regional characteristics, however, are also obviously observed. It is necessary for us to consider both the national epidemic trend and regional characteristics in order to control the spread of diabetes mellitus.