江滩型地区血吸虫病流行因素及优化防治对策的研究

本文报道了1991-1995年在皖苏两省江滩型地区实施的血吸虫病流行因素及优化防治对策的研究。结果表明,江滩型地区传染源种类较多,在传播中的地位依次为牛、猪、人等;人群接触疫水以生产性、生活性方式为主,且因地而异,接触强度以游泳最甚;感染性钉螺分布与植被种类及人畜活动频度有关,并呈负二项分布的规律;疫区形成与滩地崩长、变迁密切相关;江滩型疫区退垦还滩后在有效监测下疫情变化不大;长江水位及降雨量是影响该类地区血吸虫病流行的重要因素。综合比较几种优化防治对策的螺、病情控制效果和费用一效果,提出在现阶段以“疾病控制”为主要目的时,江滩型流行区宜选择“人畜化疗+健康教育”的策略,在经济条件合适的地区,宜采用“人畜化疗+健康教育+滩地治理”的策略;在疫情基本控制的地区,宜采取“人畜反复查治+消灭阳性螺点”及“重点人群和耕牛化疗+健康教育+易感带灭螺+个人防护”的策略,以巩固血防成果。

STUDY ON THE EPIDEMIC FACTORS AND CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN THE RIVER BEACHES

A Study on the epidemic factors and control strategy for schistosomiasis, which was carried out in the River beaches of both Anhui and Jiangsu provinces from 1991 to 1995, was ma The results showed that the main infection source was cattle, and the pattern of water contact is different with different places, but swimming is the strongest way of water contact. The results also showed that the distribution of infected snails was related to human and cattle activities, and varied with different vegetations, and accorded with negative binomial distribution; the forming of epidemic area was related to beach increasing; the beach changing from cultivation to wasteland did not heighten the epidemic situation; the River level and rainfall was one of the important factors. comparing four kinds of controlstrategies, we found that the strategy of "chemotherapy plus health education" was approprite for the aim of " disease control";" chemotherapy plus health education together with beach harnessing" was suitable in the areas with better ecnomic condition;" chemotherapy plus infected snail spot control" and" chemotherapy for high risk people and cattle, plus health education and snail control in the high transmission areas, together with individual protection" were fit to the areas with epidemic situation basically controlled.