Imaging Features of Pulmonary Immune-related Adverse Events |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Radiology, AUSL Toscana Centro, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, Italy;2. Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;3. Respiratory Medicine Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;4. Department of Radiation Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;5. Medical Oncology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;6. Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | Pulmonary immune-related adverse events represent rare but potentially severe side effects of immunotherapies. Diagnosis is often challenging, as symptoms and imaging features are not specific and may mimic other lung diseases, thus potentially delaying appropriate patient management. In this setting, an accurate imaging evaluation is essential for a prompt detection and correct management of these drug-induced lung diseases. The purpose of this article is to review the different types of pulmonary immune-related adverse events, describe their imaging characteristics on both high-resolution computed tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography and stress their underlying diagnostic challenge by presenting the mimickers. |
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| Keywords: | Immunotherapy Pneumonitis Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions Programmed cell death 1 receptor CTLA-4 antigen |
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