2012-2014年惠州市市售食品中食源性致病菌污染状况调查

目的了解本地区市售食品中食源性致病菌的污染状况。方法采用随机抽样方法,分别对我市的部分超市、市场、商店、专卖店及餐饮服务场所的11类食品共637份进行沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血性弧菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、阪崎肠杆菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌、致泻性大肠埃希氏菌的检测。并将分离到的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株进行肠毒素检测和药敏试验。结果637件样品中检出致病菌60株,总检出率为9.41%。其中检出率最高的是蜡样芽胞杆菌,检出率17.05%,金黄色葡萄球菌、阪崎肠杆菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌和沙门菌检出率5.42%、1.37%、0.92%和0.20%, 未检出致泻性大肠埃希氏菌和副溶血性弧菌,各致病菌检出率有显著性差异(χ²=127.0999,P=0.000)。各类食品中以餐饮食品、豆制品和婴幼儿食品食源性致病菌检出率较高,分别为29.41%、21.88%和17.81%,以金黄色葡萄球菌和蜡样芽胞杆菌污染为主。有23株金黄色葡萄球菌产肠毒素,阳性率为69.70%,并同时对青霉素、苯唑西林、庆大霉素、红霉素、环丙沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、克林霉素、四环素、复方新诺明存在不同程度的耐药。结论我市部分市售食品存在食源性致病菌污染的状况,主要以金黄色葡萄球菌和蜡样芽胞杆菌的污染为主,沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、阪崎肠杆菌也有不同程度的污染。

Investigation on the Foodborne Pathogen Contamination in Commercial Food Products in Huizhou, 2012-2014

Objective To investigate the food contamination caused by foodborne pathogens. Methods637 food samples of 11 representative kinds were collected at random from supermarkets, market, store and catering service place. Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Listeria monocytogenes , Enterobacter sakazakii, Bacillus cereus and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli were detected from these samples. Then the entertoxins produced by the positive strains were detected and drug resistance of the positive strains were tested. ResultsTotally 60 strains of food-borne pathogens were detected from the 637 samples with a positive rate of 9.42% . The contamination rate of bacillus cereus was the highest (17.05%), and the detection rates of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter sakazakii, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella were 5.42%, 1.37%, 0.92% and 0.20%, respectively. No enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were detected. The contamination rates of different foods were different(χ²=127.0999,P=0.000). The detection rate of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in restaurant food, bean products and baby foods foodborne pathogenic bacteria is higher (29.41%,21.88% and 17.81%), mainly for staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus contamination. 23 strains showed different degree of drug resistance to penicillin, oxacillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin,clindamycin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole. Conclusion The investigation showed that the contamination of commercial food caused by pathogens occurred in Huizhou,Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus bacteria are the main pollution,Salmonella,Listeria monocytogenes and Enterobacter sakazakii also have different degrees of pollution .