Autoimmunity in dry eye disease – An updated review of evidence on effector and memory Th17 cells in disease pathogenicity |
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| Institution: | 1. Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;2. Vision and Eye Research Unit, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK;3. Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA;4. Schepens Eye Research Institute & Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;5. Department of Ophthalmology, University Campus Biomedico, Rome, Italy;6. Department of Ophthalmology, Fondation Ophtalmologique Rothschild & Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, Paris, France;7. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA;8. Departments of Cell and Neurobiology and Ocular Surface Center Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany;9. School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;10. Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;11. Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA;12. Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan;13. Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA;1. Centre Hospitalier National d''Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, University Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Paris, France;2. Ocular Surface & Dry Eye Center, ISPRE Ophthalmics, Genoa, Italy;3. University Complutense, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Clinica Rementeria, Madrid, Spain;4. Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany;5. Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK;6. Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey;7. St. Eriks Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden;8. Hôpital Bicêtre, APHP, South Paris University, Ophthalmology, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;1. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;2. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, ''s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | The classic Th1/Th2 dogma has been significantly reshaped since the subsequent introduction of several new T helper cell subsets, among which the most intensively investigated during the last decade is the Th17 lineage that demonstrates critical pathogenic roles in autoimmunity and chronic inflammation – including the highly prevalent dry eye disease. In this review, we summarize current concepts of Th17-mediated disruption of ocular surface immune homeostasis that leads to autoimmune inflammatory dry eye disease, by discussing the induction, activation, differentiation, migration, and function of effector Th17 cells in disease development, highlighting the phenotypic and functional plasticity of Th17 lineage throughout the disease initiation, perpetuation and sustention. Furthermore, we emphasize the most recent advance in Th17 memory formation and function in the chronic course of dry eye disease, a major area to be better understood for facilitating the development of effective treatments in a broader field of autoimmune diseases that usually present a chronic course with recurrent episodes of flare in the target tissues or organs. |
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