ACE and ACE2 in kidney disease |
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Authors: | Sonoo Mizuiri Yasushi Ohashi |
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Institution: | Sonoo Mizuiri, Department of Nephrology, Ichiyokai Harada Hospital, Hiroshima-Shi 731-5134, JapanSonoo Mizuiri, Yasushi Ohashi, Department of Nephrology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan |
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Abstract: | Renin angiotensin system (RAS) activation has a significant influence on renal disease progression. The classical angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-angiotensin II (Ang II)-Ang II type 1 (AT1) axis is considered to control the effects of RAS activation on renal disease. However, since its discovery in 2000 ACE2 has also been demonstrated to have a significant impact on the RAS. The synthesis and catabolism of Ang II are regulated via a complex series of interactions, which involve ACE and ACE2. In the kidneys, ACE2 is expressed in the proximal tubules and less strongly in the glomeruli. The synthesis of inactive Ang 1-9 from Ang?I?and the catabolism of Ang II to produce Ang 1-7 are the main functions of ACE2. Ang 1-7 reduces vasoconstriction, water retention, salt intake, cell proliferation, and reactive oxygen stress, and also has a renoprotective effect. Thus, in the non-classical RAS the ACE2-Ang 1-7-Mas axis counteracts the ACE-Ang II-AT1 axis. This review examines recent human and animal studies about renal ACE and ACE2. |
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Keywords: | Angiotensin-converting enzyme Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Diabetic nephropathy Kidney disease Renin angiotensin system |
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