血啉甲醚与血卟啉衍生物对鸡冠皮肤光敏损伤特点的比较研究

目的：采用形态学方法观察比较国产新型光敏剂－血啉甲醚（HMME）与传统光敏剂－血卟啉衍生物（HpD)对鸡冠表皮层、真皮乳头层毛细血管网、乳头下网状层和真皮深层组织的光敏损伤特点。方法：成年莱亨鸡234只，随机分为对照组42只，实验组192只。实验组动物静脉注射HMME或HpD1、5、10或20mg/kg，于给药后即刻、1、2、3或4h对鸡冠进行激光照射，波长为488．0和514．5、510．6、578．2或627．8nm，功率密度为50、100或150mW/cm^2，能量密度为30、60、90、120、150、180或270J/cm^2，于照射后即刻、1、3、7、14和28天取材，进行大体和光镜观察。结果：PDT作用区的红色鸡冠安全变白，乳头层毛细管肉皮细胞（EC）坏死，管壁破坏及血管数量减少，其作用程度与光敏剂给药量和激光照射量相关。HMME和HpD对乳头层毛细血管的损伤程度相似；HMME组未见皮及乳头下各层损伤，而部分HpD组见表皮基底细胞层有局灶性坏死、乳头下网状层有微血管及结缔组织损伤和淋巴细胞浸润。结论：HMME和HpD对鸡冠真皮乳头层毛细血管肉的损伤程度相似，但HMME的组织选择性优于HpD.

An Experimental Study onthe Comparison of Photodynamic Effects of Hematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether andHematoporphyrin Derivative

Objective The photosensitizer hematoporphyrin derivative(HpD) has 30 to 90 days skin photosensitivity after intravenous administration, which is the main side effect of HpD for Port wine stain (PWS) treatment. So, a comparative study of a new kind of photosensitizer hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether(HMME) which can be quickly eliminated from body and has shorter period of skin photosensitivity was undertaken for the purpose of developing HMME to replace HpD for PWS treatment. Methods Among 234 adult Leghorn chickens with undamaged combs, HMME or HpD was injected intravenously with 1,5,10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, and then laser irradiation with wavelengthes of 488 0 and 514 5, 510 6, 578 2 or 627 8 nm were given with power densities of 50, 100 and 150 mW/cm 2 and energy of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 270 J/cm 2 at an instant, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min intervals post injection. The eye observation and light microscopy were conducted on the combs immediately, 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after treatment. Results Results demonstrated that the red combs faded completely without damaging of the overlying skin. The EC of capillary net werephototoxicitic necrosis, walls of capillary net were destroyed and the microvasculature was decreased dramatically. The degree of this selectivephotosensitive destruction was positively related to doses of photosensitizers and laser irradiations. The target damage effects of HMME and HpD were close. While no any non selective damage to the epidermis and other layers of skin was found in HMME group, but local damage of epidermis and connective tissue and vessels in dermis were seen in HpD group. Conclusions HMME had similar selective photosensitive destruction to PWS dilated malformative microvasculature with HpD. Meanwhile, HMME had better selective effect to the target tissue.