北京郊区县孕妇膳食及体力活动对妊娠糖尿病发生的影响

目的探讨膳食因素和体力活动对妊娠糖尿病的影响。方法以北京郊区县9家妇幼保健院产前诊断妊娠糖尿病(GDM)孕妇124例、妊娠糖耐量低减(GIGT)孕妇128例及其配对对照组作为调查对象,采用统一的调查表,对膳食及体力活动等情况进行调查。结果GDM组、GIGT组的每日膳食热量、脂肪和糖类摄入水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GDM组畜肉、禽肉类摄入量多于对照组,畜肉类、鱼类摄入量多于GIGT组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GIGT组谷类、蛋类、奶类摄入量多于对照组,蛋类摄入量多于GDM组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GDM组孕妇孕期极轻体力劳动的比例高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高热量、高脂肪的不合理膳食和极少的体力活动是妊娠糖尿病发生的影响因素。

The Effects of Dietary Patterns and Physical Activities on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Districts and Counties of Beijing

Objective To investigate the effects of dietary patterns and physical activities on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Methods 124 cases with GDM,128 cases with GIGT and 224 cases as control in rural districts of Beijing were inquired with questionnaire.The analyses were focused on such factors as dietary patterns and physical activities.Results The total intake of calories,fat and carbohydrate per day in GDM/GIGT groups were significantly higher compared with that of control group(P<(0.05)).While less physical activities were found in GDM group(P<0.05).Conclusion The results suggested that diets rich in high calories and fat and little activities were the important factors of triggering GDM.