建立一种粪便细菌学检验的新方法--肠道菌谱分析(初步报告)

目的 建立一种以粪便标本细菌菌谱分析为主要内容的细菌学检验方法。方法 取粪便标本直接涂片做革兰染色，镜检观察标本中细菌数量、种类及比例，并进行显微照相；对粪便标本进行菌群培养，分离病原菌，并与镜检结果进行对照；将照片进行分类。建立菌群失调和病原菌感染的图谱。同时以正常大便菌谱作对照。结果 因菌群失调导致的腹泻。直接镜检表现为细菌数量和种类普遍减少，或某一类细菌增多或减少，或呈单一种类细菌；由某种病原菌引起的腹泻，直接涂片多数只能见到革兰阴性杆菌，且细菌数量少或极少，一般均与培养结果相符。结论 粪便细菌菌谱分析能直接或间接为临床提供腹泻患者的肠道微生态资料，尤其能准确地提示因各种原因造成菌群失调而导致的腹泻，为临床诊断和制定治疗方案提供快捷、科学的依据。

Method of stool bacteriological detection--analysis of intestinal bacterial spectrum

Objective To establish a bacterial detection method for the analysis of intestinal bactrerial spectrum. Methods Stool samples were performed gram-staining, the number, species and ratio of bacteria were observed with microscope and photoes were taken by microscopic camera, pathogens were isolated from stool after samples were cultured, all the photoes were classified and pictures of flora imbalance and infective pathogens were made, normal bacterial spectrum was as control. Results The direct microscopic examination of stool of patients with diarrhea caused by flora imbalance showed a general reduction of number and species of bacteria, or an increase or decrease of a certain kind of bacteria, or single kind of bacteria presented. Direct smear for stool samples from patients with diarrhea caused by a certain kind of pathogens showed most strains were gram-negative bacilli, and the number of bacteria was low or very low, which was usually conformed with bacterial culture results. Conclusion Stool bactrerial spectrum analysis can provide intestinal microecological data of patients with diarrhea and provide rapid and scientific evidence for the clinical diagnosis and treatment.