妊娠期维生素A缺乏现状及对新生儿体格指标的影响

目的 评估不同妊娠期孕妇维生素A营养状况对新生儿体格发育指标的影响。方法 回顾性选择2018年1月至2019年6月来我院产检和分娩的单胎健康孕产妇855例作为研究对象,收集所有研究对象妊娠早期及妊娠晚期2次维生素A检测数据及新生儿身长、体重等资料,并计算BMI。通过SPSS软件分析2次维生素A浓度的差异及对新生儿体格发育指标的影响。结果 妊娠晚期孕妇的血清VA浓度为(0.38±0.11)mg/L,低于妊娠早期的(0.45±0.09)mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);新生儿身长、体重及BMI均与妊娠早期VA存在负相关(r=-0.117、-0.134、-0.114,P0.05),与妊娠期VA的变化存在正相关(r=0.068、0.097、0.101,P0.05);孕期VA升高组孕妇所分娩新生儿的出生体重(3240.33±415.92)g及BMI (12.78±1.05)kg/m2,均高于VA降低组(3164.04±448.24)g、(12.57±1.16)kg/m2,P0.05]。结论 妊娠期母体维生素A水平及其变化可以影响新生儿的体重及体重指数。

Status of vitamin A deficiency during gestation periods and its effect on neonatal physical indexes

Objective To evaluate the effects of maternal vitamin A nutritional status on neonatal physical development indexes during different gestation periods.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 855 healthy single pregnant women who were admitted to our hospital for obstetric examination and delivery from January 2018 to June 2019.Data of two vitamin A tests in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy,as well as the neonatal body length and weight of all subjects were collected,and their BMI were calculated.The SPSS software was used to analyze the difference of vitamin A concentration between the two times and the effect on neonatal physical development indexes.Results The serum vitamin A concentration of pregnant women in the third trimester,(0.38±0.11)mg/L,was lower than that in the first trimester,(0.45±0.09)mg/L,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The neonatal body length,body weight and BMI were negatively correlated with VA in the first trimester (r=-0.117,-0.134 and -0.114,P<0.05),and positively correlated with VA in the first trimester (r=0.068,0.097 and 0.101,P<0.05).The birth weight (3240.33±415.92) g and BMI (12.78±1.05) kg/m2 in pregnant women with elevated vitamin A during pregnancy were higher than those in pregnant women with reduced vitamin A (3164.04±448.24)g and (12.57±1.16)kg/m2,P<0.05].Conclusion The maternal vitamin A level and its changes during pregnancy can affect the body weight and body mass index of the newborn.