柱状经腹会阴切除术治疗直肠癌15例

目的 介绍直肠癌柱状经腹会阴切除术(cylindrical abdominoperineal resection,CAPR)的应用体会.方法 2009-2010年采用柱状经腹会阴直肠癌切除术治疗低位直肠癌15例.采用Holm等描述的手术方法.按TME技术要求游离直肠系膜,向下游离至肛提肌的起点处,结肠造口,关闭腹部切口.将患者置于俯卧位,实施扩大的会阴部切除,沿外括约肌、耻骨直肠肌、肛提肌外表面游离至肛提肌的盆壁起始处,即腹部向下游离的终点下方,后方自尾骨骶骨连接处切开,进入骶前,由背侧至腹侧,将肛提肌自起始处离断.结果 柱状经腹会阴切除术切除更多远端直肠周围组织,15例均无直肠穿孔,会阴切口均Ⅰ期愈合,1例发生会阴血肿,1例发生盆底腹膜疝,1例发生下肢深静脉血栓形成;术后平均随访6个月,1例发生盆腔腹膜后淋巴结转移,1例发生肝肺转移.结论 柱状经腹会阴切除术可以切除更多的低位直肠癌周组织,有利于减少术中穿孔发生率和环周切缘阳性率,进一步降低术后局部复发率.

Cylindrical abdominoperineal resection for advanced low rectal cancer: a report of 15 cases

Objective To decrease tumor local recurrence after abdominoperineal resection (APR)for low rectal cancer using cylindrical abdominoperineal resection. Methods From February 2009 to February 2010 cylindrical APR was performed in 15 patients of advanced ultralow rectal cancer at the Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, according to the standard protocol as described by Holm. The procedure involves careful mobilization of the mesorectum as far down as the origins of the levator muscle. Ater stoma formation, the abdomen is closed, the patient is rotated into the prone position, and an extended perineal dissection is performed. This includes the sphincter complex and the inferior surface of the levators to a point laterally where they originate on the pelvic sidewall. This point should be just inferior to the level where the abdominal procedure was terminated. The coccyx is often removed in continuity with the main specimen to improve direct visualization of the dissection.Results The cylindrical technique removed more tissue in the distal rectum. There was no bowel perforation, perineal wounds were primary healing. One patient developed perineal seroma. One patient developed peritoneocele hernia of pelvic floor. Conclusions Cylindrical APR performed in the prone position for low rectal cancer removes more tissue around the tumor that leads to a reduction in intraoperative perforations, which should reduce local disease recurrence.