儿童疑似预防接种异常反应监测及分析

目的分析儿童疑似预防接种异常反应（AEFI）发生情况,以减少AEFI的发生。方法收集2010～2013年儿童疫苗接种及AEFI的登记资料,并进行分析。结果 2010～2013年儿童累计预防接种疫苗146 348例次,出现AEFI 198例,发生率为135/10万。其中一般反应156例（占78.8%）,异常反应26例（占13.1%）,偶合症12例（占6.1%）,心因性反应4例（占2.0%）。发生率前4位的疫苗是甲型流感疫苗、23价肺炎疫苗、B型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗、百白破疫苗;除1例脊髓灰质炎疫苗相关病例遗留下肢活动障碍外,其余病例均治愈。结论 AEFI多种疫苗均可发生,接种前应注意询问受种者过敏史和近期健康状况,规范接种,做好接种后医学观察,有利于减少AEFI的发生。

Surveiliance and analysis of adverse events following immunization in children

Objective To analyze the adverse events following immunization（AEFI） in children, and seek ways to decrease the incidence rate of AEFI. Methods Collected and analyzed the registation data of immunization and the AEFI in children from 2010 to 2013. Results Vaccinated 146 348 cases from 2010 to 2013,there were 198 cases of AEFI, incidence rate was 135/100 000. Among them 156 cases were non-series events, accounting of 78.8%,paradoxical reaction was 26 cases, accounting of 13.1%,12 cases were coincidence, accounting of 6.1%,the psychogenic reaction was 4 cases, accounting of 2.0%. The top 4 vaccine of incidence rate of AEFI were influenza A vaccine,23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine, DPT vaccine. All the AEFI cases had good prognosis except for polio vaccine assiociated paralytic poliomyelitis. Conclusion AEFI occurred in all kinds of vaccines. It is necessary for vaccination providers to conduct health counsel and examination before immunization, standardly inoculate practice and make medicine observation after immunization to ruduce the incidence of AEFI.