护士职业应激应对资源分析

目的 研究不同应对资源对护士职业应激反应水平的影响.方法 采用应对资源问卷(PRQ)和紧张反应问卷(PSQ)对387名护士进行应对资源(娱乐休闲、自我保健、社会支持、理性处事)和应激反应(业务紧张反应、心理紧张反应、人际关系紧张反应、躯体紧张反应)测试.结果 护士应激反应随应对资源的增强而减弱;应对资源与应激反应呈负相关(P<0.01),并与心理应激反应的关系最为密切,以社会支持与应激反应的关系最为密切;社会支持中,与情感支持有关的条目对护士应激反应的缓解作用最大;理性处事中,与保持良好心态有关的条目对应激反应的缓解作用最大,而同时做几种工作反而增强应激反应;自我保健中,与良好卫生习惯、勤于思考和充足睡眠有关的条目缓解护士应激反应作用最大;娱乐休闲中,与充分休息和自主决策有关的条目缓解应激的作用最大,而利用大量业余时间干其他事情则与应激反应呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 提高护士应对资源特别是情感上的支持、保持良好心态、充分睡眠与休息等是降低其应激反应的重要措施.

Coping resources of nurses' occupational stress

Objective To study the effects of coping resources on nurses' strain. Methods Coping resources (recreation, self-care, social support, and rational coping) and strain (vocational strain, psychological strain,interpersonal strain,and physical strain) were measured on 387 nurses with personal resources questionnaire (PRQ) and personal strain questionnaire (PSQ). Results The higher the nurses' coping resources were,the lower their strain was (P<0.01). Nurses' coping resources had a negative correlation with their strain and had the closest relation with their psychological strain(P<0.01).Among coping resources, social support was closest related with nurses' strain. In the items of social support, those related to feeling support had more remission on strain. In the items of rational coping, those related to keeping good mind had more remission on strain,while doing more than one job at one time could raise nurses' strain(P<0.05). In the items of self-care, those related to good healthy habit, being immersed in contemplation and sufficient sleeping had the most effects on the remission of strain. In the items of recreation, those related to enough rest and self-determination had more effects on the remission of strain, while doing other things in most of leisure time had a positive correlation with strain (P<0.05). Conclusion Enhancing coping resources, especially feeling support, keeping good mind, sufficient sleeping and rest, are the important measures for the remission of nurses' strain.