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The Fatty Liver Index (FLI) Relates to Diabetes-Specific Parameters and an Adverse Lipid Profile in a Cohort of Nondiabetic,Dyslipidemic Patients
Authors:Michael Leutner  Christian Göbl  Oliver Schlager  Silvia Charwat-Resl  Alice Wielandner  Eleonora Howorka
Affiliation:1. Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gender Medicine Unit;2. Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padova, Italy;3. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine;4. Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Angiology;5. Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy
Abstract:Background: Patients with hyperlipidemia are at high risk for developing a fatty liver. The fatty liver index (FLI) is a noninvasive and well-established method for the estimation of a fatty liver. However, little is known about the metabolic characterization of nondiabetic treated patients with hyperlipidemia who have different risk levels for a fatty liver.

Methods: In this study, 74 nondiabetic patients with hyperlipidemia were divided into 3 groups according to their fatty liver index. A comparison of metabolic characteristics was done. These characteristics included intima media thickness (IMT) and nutritional habits, which were further divided into FLI subgroups with low, intermediate, and high risk for a fatty liver.

Results: Patients with hyperlipidemia, with a high risk for a fatty liver (FLI ≥ 60), had subclinical elevations in parameters of carbohydrate metabolism (insulin, fasting plasma glucose, C-peptide) including a higher insulin resistance (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, QUICKI) compared to lower FLI groups. These patients also presented a higher risk for a metabolic syndrome (p = 0.018), as well as an adverse lipid profile (e.g., high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, triglycerides [TG]–HDL ratio). FLI group 3 was characterized by significantly lower levels of omega-3 fatty acids (p = 0.048).

Conclusion: The fatty liver index relates to diabetes-specific parameters and an adverse lipid profile and is an appropriate index for risk evaluation of metabolic syndrome.

Keywords:nonalcoholic fatty liver disease  dyslipidemia  type 2 diabetes  metabolic syndrome  intima media thickness  nutrition
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