Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation coupled with repetitive electrical stimulation on cortical spreading depression |
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Authors: | Fregni Felipe Liebetanz David Monte-Silva Katia K Oliveira Manuella B Santos Angela A Nitsche Michael A Pascual-Leone Alvaro Guedes Rubem C A |
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Affiliation: | Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, KS 452, Boston, MA 02215, USA. ffregni@bidmc.harvard.edu |
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Abstract: | We have recently shown that two techniques of brain stimulation - repetitive electrical stimulation (ES) (that mimics transcranial magnetic stimulation) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) - modify the velocity of cortical spreading depression (CSD) significantly. Herein we aimed to study the effects of these two techniques combined on CSD. Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into four groups according to the treatment: sham tDCS/sham ES, sham tDCS/1 Hz ES, anodal tDCS/1 Hz ES, cathodal tDCS/1 Hz ES. Our findings show that 1 Hz ES reduced CSD velocity, and this effect was modified by either anodal or cathodal tDCS. Anodal tDCS induced larger effects than cathodal tDCS. Hereby CSD velocity was actually increased significantly after anodal tDCS/1 Hz ES. Our results show that combining two techniques of brain stimulation can modify significantly the effects of ES alone on cortical excitability as measured by the neurophysiological parameter of cortical spreading depression and therefore provide important insights into the effects of this new approach of brain stimulation on cortical activity. |
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Keywords: | Cortical spreading depression Cortical electrical stimulation Transcranial direct current stimulation Transcranial magnetic stimulation Wistar rats Cortical excitability |
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