颈内动脉起始段狭窄合并其他颅内外动脉狭窄发生频率

目的 分析国人颈内动脉起始部重度狭窄合并其他颅内和(或)颅外动脉狭窄或闭塞的发生率.方法 回顾性总结我院自2001年1月至2008年5月收治的颈动脉重度狭窄患者198例.所有患者均经颈动脉彩色超声和经颅多普勒(TCD)检查,部分患者进行r数字减影血管造影、头颅磁共振血管显像或头领部CT血管成像检杳.结果 在198例颈动脉重度狭窄患者中,86.8%合并其他颅内外动脉狭窄,合并至少一条颅内动脉狭窄者占62.1%,其中以大脑中动脉最多见,26.3%的患者合并串联病变(同侧颈内动脉虹吸段或大脑中动脉狭窄),68.2%的患者合并至少一条颅外其他动脉狭窄,其中以对侧颈内动脉狭窄或闭塞最多见.结论 国人颈内动脉狭窄患者合并串联颅内动脉狭窄或广泛颅内外动脉狭窄的几率较高,此特殊的动脉狭窄分布对颈内动脉内膜剥脱术或支架成型术将造成不可低估的影响.

The prevalence of combined extra-and intra-cranial artery stenosis in patients with extracranial internal carotid artery occlusive disease

Objective The intra-cranial arteries are more affected in Asian ischemic stroke patients. We thought that tandem or diffuse arterial occlusive disease may be more common among patients with extracranial internal carotid artery (ICAex) occlusive disease. In the current study, the frequency of other co-existing extracranial artery ( EA) or intracranial artery ( IA) stenosis in patients with ICAex occlusive disease and its risk factors were studied. Method One hundred and ninety-eight consecutive patients with ischemic stroke or TIA who were admitted to our hospital from Jan 2001 to May 2008 and who had stenosis (70% ) or occlusion of ICAex were enrolled in the study. All the patients were examined with carotid duplex and transcranial Doppler (TCD). Among them, 75 patients were also examined with DSA, 52 patients with intracranial MRA and 25 patients with extra- and intra-cranial CTA. Extracranial artery stenosis or occlusion were diagnosed with DSA/CTA in 93 patients, and with carotid duplex only in 105 patients. Intracranial artery stenosis was diagnosed with DSA/MRA/CTA in 118 patients, and with TCD only in 80 patients. Patients with presumably cardioembolism such as atrial fibrillation were excluded. Results Among the 198 patients, 172 (86. 8% ) had other combined EA or IA stenosis. One hundred and thirty-five patients (135/198, 68.2%) had other combined EA stenosis, which were more frequently found in the contralateral ICAex (71/198, 35.9%). One hundred and twenty-three patients (123/198, 62. 1%) had combined IA stenosis, which were more frequently found in MCA (75/198, 37.9%). 52 (52/198, 26. 3% ) had ipsilateral terminal ICA and/or middle cerebral artery stenosis. Conclusion Tandem or diffuse arterial occlusive disease is common among patients with steno-occlusion of ICAex . Therefore, it is important to evaluate other EA and IA stenosis before CEA or CAS in Chinese patients.